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Table 1 Chemical compositions (wt%) of the steels C Mn Si Al Cu CMnAlCu-TRIP 0.15 1.5 1.5 0.5 CMnSi-TRIP 0.15 1.5 1.5 The specimens for XRD measurement were prepared by both mechanically and chemically polishing the sheets to half of their thickness.The volume fraction of retained austenite was calculated from the integral density of ferrite and austenite using the following equation by Miller [6].
Although the solid solution strength of Al is weaker than Si, the investigated steels showed excellent combination of mechanical properties and ductility, with the strength ductility balance (TS×EL) between 20~24 ×103MPa%.

Jin et al. [11] assessed the thermal performance of walls constructed from various materials by measuring time lag and decrement factor.
Lu et al. [12] investigated the impact of various factors on wall thermal performance indicators, the decrement factor, and phase shift.
Dlimi et al. [16] examined the thermal effectiveness of hemp concrete and hemp wool as sustainable insulation materials in Meknes, Morocco.
Dlimi et al. [16] assessed the thermal performance of hemp concrete and hemp wool as sustainable insulation options using TRNSYS software.
Accessed 30 Jun 2023 [19] Rabie GM, El-Halim HA, Rozaik EH (2019) Influence of using dry and wet wastewater sludge in concrete mix on its physical and mechanical properties.

Polymorphic and Morphological Transformation during the Transition from a Propagating Band to Static Bands in the Nickel Hydroxide/Ammonia Liesegang System Mazen Al-Ghoul1,2,a and Manal Ammar1,b 1Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 2Center for Advanced Mathematical Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon amazen.ghoul@aub.edu.lb, bmanal.ammar@aub.edu.lb Keywords: polymorphic transitions; propagating wave; Liesegang bands; nickel hydroxide; Ostwald ripening.
Al-Ghoul and R.
Al-Ghoul and R.
El-Rassy and M.
Al-Ghoul: J.

Research has been conducted and various approaches have been developed to solve this problem (Meinders et al., 2008; Mulan et al., 2004; Xu et al., 2004).
Hardt et al., (1987) developed a close-loop measurement technique based on torque and rate of twist.
Basic studies on twist springback was intensively studied by Dwivedi et al. (2002 and 1986).
From literature, it is found that the amount of twist springback depends on material properties of the workpiece, geometries i.e. thickness, length and width and twist angle (Li et al., 2002; Greze et al., 2010; Osman et al., 2010; Ouakdi et al., 2012).
El-Mokaddem and A.S.

F, et al.
[7] Tian, Q, Tang, M, Sun, Y, et al.
G., el al. 980 nm laser-driven photovoltaic cells based on rare- earth up-converting phosphors for biomedical applications[J].
L, Carubelli, R, et al.
K, et al.

Hearle et al [1-2] was the first to model the effects of lateral contractions on yam properties.
The subsequent research of Treloar et al [4] made use of the entire stress-strain curve, from the initial modulus until rupture.
Zimliki et al [5-6] constructed a computer model that can predict the properties of flat yams, twisted yams, and twisted cords from single-filament data.
El-Behery and V.

[2] Peng C, Ouyang H, Gao Q, Jiang Y, Zhang F, Li J, et al.
[6] El-Sebaii AA, Al-Hazmi FS, Al-Ghamdi AA, Yaghmour SJ.

References [1] GK Sfantos, MH Aliabadi Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engng 196 (7), 1310-1329, 2007 [2] GK Sfantos, MH Aliabadi Int. journal for numerical methods in engineering 69 (8), 1590-1626, 2007 [3] I Benedetti, MH Aliabadi Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 265, 36-62, 2013 [4] I Benedetti, MH Aliabadi Computational Materials Science 67, 249-26, 2013 [5] I Benedetti, MH Aliabadi Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 289, 429-45, 2015 [6] LY Li, et al Composites Science and Technology 71 (15), 1777-1788, 2014 [7] L Li, F Aliabadi, PH Wen Journal of Multiscale Modelling, 1550009, 2016 [8] O Bacarreza, et al Woven Composites, Imperial College Press, London, 1-74, 2015 [9] O Bacarreza, et al Journal of Multiscale Modelling 4 (02), 1250005, 2012 [10] N.V.
De Carvalho, S.T.Pinho, Woven Composites, Imperial College Press, London pp75-108, 2015 [11] S.V.Lomov, Woven Composites, Imperial College Press, London pp109-140, 2015 [12] S.R.Hallet, et al., Woven Composites, Imperial College Press, London pp141-178, 2015 [13] M.Hosur et al, Woven Composites, Imperial College Press, London pp179-237, 2015 [14] V.G.Kouznetsova, et al Multiscale Modeling in Solid Mechanics, Imperial College Press, pp1-42, 2010 [15] Qi-Zhi Xiao et al, Multiscale Modeling in Solid Mechanics, Imperial College Press, pp43-100, 2010 [16] J-C Michel et al, Multiscale Modeling in Solid Mechanics, Imperial College Press, pp159-206, 2010 [17] M.J.Lefik, et al, Multiscale Modeling in Solid Mechanics, Imperial College Press, pp207-250, 2010 [18] P.B.Lourenco, Multiscale Modeling in Solid Mechanics, Imperial College Press, London pp251-294, 2010 [19] R.C.Picu et al, Multiscale Modeling in Solid Mechanics, Imperial College Press, pp295-332, 2010 [20] EL Albuquerque, et al
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International Journal of Solids and Structures 48 (7), 1171-1179, 2011 [25] L Rodríguez-Tembleque, et al International Journal of Solids and Structures 47 (18), 2600-2612, 2010 [26] I Benedetti, et al International journal for numerical methods in engineering 80 (10), 1356-1378, 2009 [27] P Fedelinski, et al Computers & structures 59 (6), 1021-1031, 1996 [28] V.Sladek, et al Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences 13 (2), 103 [29] PH Wen, MH Aliabadi, Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (8), 635-651, 2008 [30] PH Wen, et al CMES: Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 30 (3), 133-147, 2008 [31] PH Wen, MH Aliabadi, The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 44 (4), 273-286, 2009 [32] PH Wen, MH Aliabadi, Journal of Multiscale Modelling 1 (02), 303-31, 2009 [33] PH Wen, et a;l Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences (CMES) 61 (2), 133-154, 2010 [34] PH Wen, et al ,Journal of Composite Materials, 0021998311430868, 2012 [35] PH Wen

Elias1,c 1 Faculté des sciences, Département de Chimie, Université Mouloud Mammeri, 15000 Tizi-Ouzou, Algérie 2 Laboratoire de Technologie des Matériaux, Département de Sciences des Matériaux, Faculté de Génie Mécanique et Génie des Procédés, USTHB, B.P N°32, 16111, El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, Alger, Algérie 1,a nait_zahra@yahoo.fr, 2,b Keddam@yahoo.fr, 1,c hamghil@yahoo.fr Keywords: Boriding, Growth kinetics, Iron boride, Incubation time, Diffusion model.
Campos-Silva et al: Kovove Mater.
Brakman et al. [9], the boride incubation time is decreased when the temperature increases.
The parameter can be estimated from the experimental data provided by Campos-Silva et al. [3].

Al-Tayeb and Abu Bakar et al. [2] investigated the impact load behavior of hybrid rubberized concrete structures.
[2] Al-Tayeb, M.M., Abu Bakar, B.H., Akil, H.M., Ismail, H., 2012b.
Al-Tayeb & B.H.
[6] Mustafa Maher Al-Tayeb, B.H.
[7] Reda-Taha MM, El-Dieb AS, AbdEl-Wahab MA, Abdel-Hameed ME (2008) Mechanical, fracture, and microstructural investigations of rubber concrete.