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X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a tetragonal rutile structure for spin-coated films, while CBD films showed both tetragonal rutile and orthorhombic structures.
The X-ray analysis reveals distinct diffraction peaks, indicative of a well-defined crystalline structure.
All these films exhibited a polycrystalline structure, featuring rutile phases of SnO2 thin films with both tetragonal and orthorhombic structures.
As the particle size decreases with increasing copper incorporation, a denser and rougher surface structure is achieved.
Nagatani, A New Detector for Gaseous Components Using Semiconductive Thin Films, Analytical Chemistry, 34 11 (1962) 1502–1503

These layers are randomly oriented along the c-axis forming a turbostratic structure.
Previously, we reported on the structure and electrochromic properties of nickel oxide films prepared from solutions with two different urea/nickel molar ratios [12].
Kai, Electrochromic properties of nano-structured nickel oxide thin film prepared by spray pyrolysis method, Applied Surface Science 254 (2008) 2017–2022
Fievet, A. de Guibert, Review of the structure and the electrochemestry of nickel hydroxides and oxy-hydroxides, J.
Li, Synthesis and characterization of flower-like β-Ni(OH)2 nanoarchitectures, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 180 (2007) 2149–2153

In Fig.1 changes in the phase structure of the synthesized product depended on the strength of applied electrical field.
Figs. 3-4 Dependencies of phase structure of reaction products and its saturation magnetization on the applied electrical field (3).
Moreover, the finer the granularity of the structure; the higher is the value of the coercive force.
Apparently from data in Fig.2, the fine-grained structure is formed mainly in the processes, which have been carried out in zero electrical fields.
Tretyakov: Chemistry of nonstoichiometric oxides (Moscow MGU 1974), p. 343 (in Russian)

Such as the Daye smelter factory emissions every year thousands of tons of dust, caused the pollution of farmland in Daye County, 20km diameter range of soil Cr, Zn, Pb, Cd levels were significantly higher than the background value. 2.4 Analysis of Chemical Speciation of Heavy Metals in Soil of the City Chemical forms of heavy metals is a heavy metal valence, combined state, combined with the state and the state structure four aspects, is the actual form of heavy metals in the environment exists in some ions or molecules.
The deep soil for mild pollution of soil, and the soil and soil replacement is used in heavy pollution area, the engineering measures is compared to the classical soil heavy metal pollution control measures, it has the advantages of complete, stable, but the implementation of engineering quantity, high investment cost, destruction of soil structure, leading to declining soil fertility, soil and sewage also on the stacking or processing
To establish application oriented city of heavy metal pollution of soil information system, long-term monitoring of heavy metals in soil in the city, compare the time data, so as to effectively provide the basis for control and monitoring of the environmental quality of soil. 3.2 Studies on Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils Using the engineering, physical chemistry and chemical remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils, with certain limitations, it is difficult to large-scale treatment of contaminated soil, and can destroy soil structure, biological activity and soil fertility degradation decreased.
Differences inhyporheic-zone microbial community structure along a heavy-metal contamination gradient [J].
Bacterial activity, community structure, and centimeter-scale spatial heterogeneity in contaminated soil [J].

In part, discussions about the structure of defrosted (thawed) water shed light on the mechanism of crystallization and melting.
Some researchers insist on the existence of ice-like structures in it.
In particular, small-angle X-ray scattering experiments [7] indicate that the size of these structures is of the order of tens of angstroms.
Ubbelohde: Melting and crystal structure.
Mogensen: Positron annihilation in chemistry, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1995)

The Si skeleton with coralline morphology in the interface between diamond and the matrix were found to play a role of bridge in the interfacial structure and result in distinctive interfacial bonding.
The studies aim at the understanding of the effect of matrix chemistry, infiltration parameters, and process conditions on interface microstructure formation and thermal expansion to acquire a composite with high conductivity and suitable CTE.
Results and discussion Microscopy and interfacial structure.
It may play a role of mechanical interlock in the interfacial structure which will result in distinctive interfacial bonding and may have important influence on its interfacial thermal conductivity.

Finally, thermogravimetric (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were carried out to ensure both nanoclay-dye interactions and hydrotalcite structure recovery.
Introduction Nanoclays have entered the textile-chemistry industry world as an element with extremely efficient absorbing characteristics that allow them to be used for treating and recovering wastewater from the textile and other industries.
The SEM image shows how clay particle aggregates look like sheets owing to the structure of nanoclays, which break up after calcination.
The original structure became partially recomposed after the absorption process due to HC’s shape memory.

This reaserch examines different analytical models based on the ideal case membrane structure that can use to evaluate gas penetration into mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) loaded with non-partial fillers.
Polymeric membranes' characteristics were enhanced by including organic nanofillers into the membrane's structure to address the trade-off between selectivity and permeability.
Yaghi, “The chemistry and applications of metal-organic frameworks,” Science (80-. )., vol. 341, no. 6149, 2013, doi: 10.1126/ science.1230444
Glandt, “The effect of structure on the conductivity of a dispersion,” J.

And, this structure can make the moving path of Omni-wheel robot to achieve more accurately.
Basic structure of the omni-directional wheel robot The proposed omni-wheel robot in this study uses three omni-directional wheels produced by Kornylak Corp.
System Structure The experimental system was set up in the lab.
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.

And since the microstructure’s form represents the billet’s internal quality, it can cause great effects on the billet’s characteristics including alloy composition’s uniformity, hardenability, and defects such as banded structure formations etc.
Phase field method is based on Ginzberg-Landau phase transitions theory, with the introduction of phase field variable, it is able to thoroughly analyze dendrite internal structure and solidification behavior of solid liquid interphase, but this method involve huge amount of calculations, and it is only suitable to study on small calculation domain of solidification condition[5].
Modeling of Globular and Dendritic Structure Evolution in Solidification of an Alloy-7 mass% Si Alloy.
A Three-Dimensional Cellular Automaton Finite Element Model for the Prediction of Solidification Grain Structures.Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 1999, 30A(3): 153-165
Metallurgy and Material Physical Chemistry [M].