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Nowadays, some nano-structured ceramic powders are already commercially available [1], but in many cases, mostly for complex mono or multi-phasic compositions, it is still necessary to set-up suitable syntheses to produce the desired raw materials.
Polycrystalline YAG has been drawing considerable attention mainly for functional applications; in fact, its cubic structure makes reliable the production of polycrystalline transparent materials for optical windows and, if opportunely doped with rare-earth ions, for poly-lasers [3-5].
In such a way, a simple but effective route to tailor the final microstructure was assessed; in fact, by simply increasing the second phases amount, it was possible to pass from micro-nano structures to ultra-fine materials, in which all the phases had a mean grain size of about 400 nm.
Ulrich, in: Better Ceramics Through Chemistry, edited by North-Holland, volume 32 of Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings (1984) [3] A.

The difference between the surfactant reversible invert emulsifier and the modified-nanoparticle reversible invert emulsifier is the structure of the interfacial film, the structure of the interface film of the emulsion stabilized by modified nanoparticles (Fig. 3) is more reliable than the palisade structure in the interface film of the emulsion stabilized by surfactant.
New Opportunities for the Drilling Industry through Innovative Emulsifier Chemistry.

Among these explorations, one attractive approach is the conversion of sugars to value-added chemicals in the point of chemistry.
The surface structure and acidity variations of the fresh and recycled catalysts after calcination were characterized by XRD, BET surface area, NH3-TPD techniques, etc.
The principal process included two routes as described below, first the glucose was isomerized into compound of 1,2-enol structure, then it could be further isomerized into fructose or dehydrated into 3-deoxyhexose.
Conclusions The present study described the effect of different preparation methods on the structure and performance of SO42-/TiO2 catalysts for converting high fructose corn syrup into 5-HMF.

Sol-gel film has been widely used in many fields such as electronics, electromagnetism, ceramics, biology, optics, composite materials and chemistry [1,2] due to its simple preparation process, easy control of reaction process, dense, uniform film formation, and pollution-free environment [3,4].
Hosseini [6] et al. were prepared zirconium oxide nanometer structure hybrid sol-gel film layer on the low carbon steel with propargyl alcohol (PA) as solvent.
However, the corrosion medium could reach the substrate surface of low carbon steel plate and caused corrosion due to the loose porous structure of the interfacial oxide layer.
It showed that the sol-gel film had good isolation performance.This was attributed to the formation of network structure of the -si-o-si - bond after hydrolytic condensation reaction of siloxane, which was a dense film layer, so it could play a good protective function.

In Spain the “INTA” Company, within the AQUARIUS air-launch project, has asked for solid rocket engines with very light structure of Spanish technology and the Eurofighter aircraft as the air launch platform [2].
Table 1 Performances of the NERVA family of rocket launchers First stage: V.11 V.12 V.32 V.72 Lift-of elevation, θ0= Lift-of mass, total, M0= Structure mass, Ms1= Propellant mass, Mp1= Total mass, booster only, M01= Payload mass (2nd stage), M02= Empty mass, 1st stage, M11= Mass ratio, booster alone, μ01= Mass ratio, global 1st stage, μ1= Time spent on launcher, t00= Mass ratio spent on launcher, μ00= Mass ratio on launcher exit, μ11= Lift-of thrust, T01= Thrust enhancement, n0≡T01/G0= Burning time 1st stage, t1= Specific impulse, sea level, I0sp1= Specific impulse, vacuum, Isp1= Ideal velocity 1st stage, W*1= Real end velocity 1st stage, v1= Real altitude 1st stage, h1= 85.7° 2400 kg 400 kg 610 kg 1010 kg 1390 kg 1790 kg 2.525 1.341 0.378 s 1.031
1.301 360 kN 15.0 3.7 s 2115 m/s 2257 m/s 663 m/s 514 m/s 923 m 75.923° 3410 kg 400 kg 610 kg 1010 kg 2400 kg 2800 kg 2.525 1.218 0.605 s 1.030 1.182 360 kN 10.6 3.7 s 2115 m/s 2257 m/s 495 m/s 346 m/s 590 m 62.39° 5430 kg 1200 kg 1830 kg 3030 kg 2400 kg 3600 kg 2.525 1.508 0.313 s 1.030 1.464 1080 kN 20.3 3.7 s 2115 m/s 2257 m/s 928 m/s 716 m/s 1091 m 54.61° 9470 kg 2800 kg 4270 kg 7070 kg 2400 kg 5200 kg 2.525 1.821 0.232 s 1.030 1.768 2520 kN 27.1 3.7 s 2115 m/s 2257 m/s 1355 m/s 1022 m/s 1407 m Second stage: Standard Long Long Long Initial mass, 2nd stage only, M02= Structure mass, Ms2= Propellant mass, Mp2= Payload & equipment, Mu= Empty mass, 2nd stage, M12= Start-up thrust, T02= Thrust enhancement, n0= Mass ratio, 2nd stage, μ02= Burning time 2nd stage, t2= Specific impulse, sea
D. (2000), Burning Laws of Solid Propellants by Multiple Splines, Scientific Bulletin of U.P.B., series B, Chemistry and Materials Science, 62, 1(2000), pp. 41-50

Progress of TiO2 Photocatalytic Oxidation Technology in Algae Removal Yu Huajiang1 1Department of chemistry and environmental science, Cangzhou Teachere, College, Cangzhou, Hebei,061000 Jiangyh6789@126.com Keyword: Photocatalysts, Algae removal, Microcystin, TiO2 Abstract.
Mechanism For Photocatalytic Oxidation In Algae Removel Energy band structure of semiconductor such as TiO2 is constituted by electron-filled low energy electron valence band (VB) and electron-holed high energy conduction band (CB), and 3.2eV of the forbidden band is entrained between VB and CB.
Water eutrophication leads to the overbreeding of toxic algae, as become aggravating environmental pollution problem.The most common microcystin that is generated by freshwater cyanobacteria is cyclic seven-unit polypeptide-structured compounds with conjugated double bond of branched-chain.
MCs are extremely stable cyclic structure.

Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites by Spherical Silica with Different Size Li-Ya Chen1, Ji-Fang Fu1, a*, Wen-Qi Yu 1, Lei Huang1, Jin-Tao Yin1, 2, Xing Dong1, Pei-Song Zong1, Qi Lu1, Da-Peng Shang1 and Li-Yi Shi1 1Nano-Science & Technology Research Center, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China 2Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China a*fjfshu@shu.edu.cn Keywords: Spherical silica, Epoxy composites, Dynamic mechanical properties, CTE Abstract.
Silica has gained the attention of one of the most suitable inorganic filler for epoxy resin, due to its molecular structure presenting a three-dimensional chain structure with different bonding states of hydroxyl and a large amount of unsaturated residual keys [1], which can be generated network in simultaneous polymerization by homogeneous mixing of the precursors [2].
The increase in bulk resistivity can be attributed to that the spherical silica particles can link tightly with the epoxy matrix and play the role of physical junction, then form a tight "three-dimensional network" structure, resulting in that the migration of the conductive ion was limited by the homogeneous spherical silica particles [12].

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of N-Phenylpyrazolines from Veratraldehyde Artania Adnin Tri Sumaa, Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsihb,* and Deni Pranowoc Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl.
Structure elucidation of the obtained product was performed using GC-MS, FTIR, and NMR spectrometers.
Structure elucidation of N-phenylpyrazolines was performed using FTIR and NMR spectrometers.
The structure of intermediate hydrazone.

In contrast, water absorption decreased with the increase of fine rubber up to 20% due to the high fineness corresponds to the fine rubber which fills the voids in the produced bricks and affords a denser structure with decreased absorption (Fig. 14).
Bhattarai, Studies and determination of heavy metals in waste tyres and their impacts on the environment, Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry 7(2) (2006) 7
Reddy, Use of Shredded Tires as Lightweight Backfill Material for Retaining Structures, Waste Management & Research 14(5) (1996) 433-451
Alabduljabbar, Characteristic compressive strength correlation of rubberized concrete interlocking masonry wall, Structures 26 (2020) 169-184

Figure 2: Structure of sample Electrochemistry method.
Figure 3 shows the structure of P3DT thin film deposited on ITO substrates Characterization Electrical conductivity.
This is because the atoms get more energy at higher temperature to migrate and more un-perfect crystal nucleuses sufficiently grow, leading to the reconfiguration of the grains and the formation of particles with perfect crystal structure [13].
Journal of Materials Chemistry and Physics 115 (154-157)