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Finally, this analysis was re-run using the custom shaped MFCs and the results of the thermal FEM analysis were imported into ANSYS Fluent in order to conduct a CFD analysis on the actuated geometry.
Table 1: Comparison of FEM results Fblock [N] Fblock, corrected [N] εfree [ppm] εfree, corrected [ppm] Manufacturer 923 1800 MFC Abaqus 715.8 915.4 1443 1814 % Error 22.4% 0.8% 19.8% 0.07% Thermal Abaqus 715.5 914.8 1376 1764 % Error 22.5% 0.9% 23.6% 2% Computation of Aerodynamic Forces (CFD Analysis) ANSYS Fluent was used for this CFD analysis to predict the aerodynamic forces in low Reynolds number flow generated on the deformed geometry in sideslip conditions.
Simulations were run at a wind speed of 10m/s over a wide range of sideslip angles (0<β<70).
Numerical Model The numerical simulations were conducted using a half-scale model of the full geometry due to the asymmetric nature of actuation.
The simulations were performed using a three dimensional time-steady CFD analysis for low-speed incompressible flow.

CFD turns into an effective approach for predicting and designing the air distribution of subway platform's air-conditioning and ventilation system.
Physical model for CFD simulation Governing equations In the simulations, airflow is considered incompressible, transient and three-dimensional.
The simulation results manifest that some local places exist velocity lager than 5 m/s, which results in draft sensation for passengers.
(3)Numerical simulation predicts air distribution of subway station’s ventilation and air-conditions system commendably.
Numerical Simulation of Flow Characteristics in Subway Station and tunnel, Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University, (2007)

Thanks to more and more sophisticated CFD tools, the developing of new sails becomes much easier than 30 years ago.
Boundary Conditions And Numerical Simulation Model The calculation selected four boundaries: inlet, outlet, open and body.
The results of numerical calculation and wind tunnel test The numerical calculation for the aerodynamics of the ellipse wing sail is based on the numerical calculation model stated in section 1. table 3,4 shows the lift coefficient and drag efficient of the ellipse wing sail got by CFD and wind tunnel test.
In this connection, the developed CFD technology today provides a convenient method for developing novel sails in sail assist navigation research.
Beijing China [6]Ignazio Maria Viola(2009) Downwind sail aerodynamics: A CFD investigation with high grid resolution.

Numerical Simulation the Airflow Field in the Flame Retardant Cloth Ducts Xia-Qiong Xing1, a, Xin-Fei Zhao1,b , Zhang Qin1,c , Xiao-Hong Zhou1,d 1The Key Lab of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology Ministry of Education Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China a694820181@qq.com, b1039876900@qq.com, c905880744@qq.com, dzhouxh314@163.com Keywords: fiber air dispersion system; airflow field; flame retardant cloth ducts; numerical simulation Abstract.
In 2011, Chen Fu-jiang studied FADS by numerical simulation and experimental.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a comprehensive subject which combined modern hydromechanics, numerical mathematics with computer science [9].
The Fluent is a kind of CFD software that uses finite element method (FEM) to simulate incompressible and moderate compressible flow [10].

Numerical Study on Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Circular Dimpled Surface by using Inline and Staggered Pattern at Laminar Flow Regimes Ravikumar T S1, a, Seralathan S2, b, *, Micha Premkumar T3, c and Guntamadugu Hemanth Kumar4 1,2,3,4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Hindustan University, Padur 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India aravikumar@hindustanuniv.ac.in, bsiva.seralathan@gmail.com, ctmichamech@gmail.com Keywords: CFD, laminar flow, circular, dimpled surface, inline pattern, staggered pattern.
Unstructured tetrahedral mesh with prism shaped cells near the walls are generated by using ANSYS ICEM CFD 13.0© with number of elements 458251, 808866 and 853244 for flat plate, plate with circular dimple – inline pattern and plate with circular dimple - staggered pattern respectively.
The numerical simulations are carried out with ANSYS Fluent 13.0©.
[11] Yue Tzu Yang, Peng Jen Chen, Numerical simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in channel with v corrugated plates, Heat Mass Transfer, 46 (2010) 437-445
[12] Akihiko Nakayama, Modeling and simulation of turbulent flows over complex and natural boundary, Proceedings of the 37th National and 4th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power, IIT Madras, Chennai, India, Paper ID: FMFP10-KN-02 (2010) 10 pages

Study of windscreen Angles on car characteristic Bao Hai-Tao Faculty of Traffic Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Jiangsu, Huai’an, 223003 China bht4931530@163.com Keywords: Car, Windscreen angle, Aerodynamic characters, CFD Abstract.
It is proved that the numerical simulation air flow of passenger car is feasible.
With the development of computer and compute technology, numerical simulation of external flow field around vehicle has been performed to study of automobile performances with different front window angles.
The effect of different backlight geometry angel on aerodynamic drag has also been studied by numerical simulations and wind tunnel tests of simplified vehicle shape.
coefficient resistance Windscreen angle Figure4 Results comparison of simulation and experiment Simulations have been carried out for a car with different windscreen angles.

Nano-indentations coupled with appropriate FEM simulations were used for characterizing the film and substrate mechanical properties.
The films’ fatigue fracture after one million impacts was quantified by the coating failure depth CFD [10].
CFD is determined based on the remaining imprint depths on the inserts’ surface after 104 (RID4) impacts and 106 impacts (RID6).
As criterion for the coating fatigue fracture initiation was chosen a coating failure depth CFD of 0.5 μm after one million impacts.
The chip contact length essential for the FEM simulation, were experimentally deterimined.

Numerical Simulation Method for 3D Low Speed Micro Flapping-Wing with Complex Kinematics Wenqing Yanga, Bifeng Songb, Wenping Songc, Zhanke Lid and Yafeng Zhange School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 China ayangwenqing@nwpu.edu.cn, bbfsong@nwpu.edu.cn, cwpsong@nwpu.edu.cn,dlizk@nwpu.edu.cn, eyawind@nwpu.edu.cn Keywords: CFD, flapping-wing, low speed, complex kinematics Abstract.
A numerical simulation method is presented in this paper for 3D low speed micro flapping-wing with complex kinematics.
The numerical simulations of solving Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations are used more and more in the flapping wing research for its high precision.
Lin [3] developed a 3D Euler/Navier-Stokes solver for simulation plunging/pitching NACA0014 airfoil.
The chimera system used in flapping-wing simulation is shown in Fig. 1.

Numerical Simulation on Ventilation Effect of Train-induced Wind in Subway Weichao Yang1,a, Limin Peng1,b, Chenghua Shi1,c and Zilin Hu2,d 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, Hunan, China 2Guangzhou Metro Design and Research Institute, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong, China aweic_yang@163.com, blmpeng@csu.edu.cn, ccsusch@163.com,d30061417@qq.com Keywords: Subway, Piston air, Ventilation, Aerodynamic effects Abstract.
Yuan and You obtained the velocity and temperature field of a subway station and the optimized ventilation mode of the subway side-platform station by using CFD simulation [8].
Simplified simulation method The vehicle geometry is simplified for the computations by neglecting surface and underside details such as doors, windshield wipers and such mechanical parts as wheels sets, bogies, and so on.
J., CFD simulation and optimization of the ventilation for subway side-platform.
P., Numerical simulation for optimizing the design of subway environmental control system, Building and Environment 37 (2002) 1139–1152

Simulation and Discussions In this section we use ESI-CFD+ software package for simulation.
(a) Pressure simulation result.
(a) Pressure simulation result.
(a) 2D simulation result.
(b) 1D simulation result.