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With the lapse of time, the carrying capacity of early steel structure buildings which affected by various factors in the process of long service has dropped.
This paper introduces the characteristics and mechanical properties of axially loaded steel columns strengthened by welding under load and axially loaded steel columns strengthened by enclosed reinforced concrete under load according to the studies of steel columns reinforced under load at home and abroad.
According to the literature [3] the influence of initial load of original steel columns can be ignored, and the initial imperfection is a major factor affecting the carrying capacity of the steel columns reinforced by welding.
The main factor affected the bearing capacity of reinforced steel column is the initial defect.
Research on mechanical properties of steel structural members strengthened by welding steel plates while under load [D].

Morphology and mechanical properties of the coatings are analyzed.
The ration of fuel gas to oxygen is a significant factor affecting the properties of the thermal spray coating.
The results show that the main factors affecting the indentation crack propagation and fracture toughness are WC grain size, binder phase content and the performance of each phase, etc..
Thus the factor influencing the microstructure and mechanical properties is the kind of fuel gas.
The different combustion temperature of fuel gas results in varied melting degree of the powder, which is the main factor affecting the properties of the coating.

Assessment of Factors Affecting the Final Value of «volume loss» by TBM tunneling {0><}0{>Alexey A.
affecting the increase of this parameter, and their quantitative assessment is given in this paper.<0} {0>Применение предложенной в статье методики позволяет оперативно оценить влияние проходческих работ на существующие подрабатываемые объекты с учетом основных влияющих факторов.<}0{>The method proposed in this paper makes it possible to promptly assess the impact of tunneling operations on the existing underworked structures with account of basic influencing factors.<0}{0>Ключевые слова:<}94{> Introduction At present, the development of large cities and megapolises is impossible without developing their underground space.
The paper provides the analysis of the basic factors affecting the “construction clearance” value, their quantitative analysis and the simple expressions constructed in order to determine the design value of the “construction clearance”: , (1) where u0 is the value of double construction clearance due to the difference between TBM rotor diameter and tunnel lining outside diameter, taking into account that the “construction clearance” is filled with grout; u1 is the displacement caused by the subsidence of the TBM head by gravity; u2 is the displacement due to soil deformations at the face; u3 is the displacement due to lining deformations underground pressure.
In order to determine the compressed strata depth, a design model was developed to take into account the basic physical and mechanical properties of soil mass, its stratification and basic characteristics of shield-type tunnel-boring machines.
(6) where k1=18÷20 – factor that depends on soil properties; Нс – compressed strata depth, m; η – shield subsidence, mm; D – outside diameter of the TBM head, m; G – weight of the TBM head, kN; G1 – weight per linear meter of the TBM head, kN/m; L – length of the TBM head, m; γi and hi – bulk density of the i-th soil layer and layer thickness, respectively; γsoil – thickness-averaged soil bulk density, kN/m3.

The experimental results show that the main factor affecting the thickness of the oxide layer formed during ECMP process is the applied potential.
Although the potentiostatic EIS can reveal surface properties of metals, it is not feasible to observe the surface in situ because the ECMP is a kinetic process.
Experimental All experiments were carried out on an simulated electrochemical mechanical polishing equipment [3,4].
Though both electrochemical reaction and mechanical abrasion are important factors in the Cu ECMP process, the main factor is the former causing the impedance dramatically decrease with the increase of the applied potential since the mechanical power obtained under different potential can be considered as a constant as mentioned above.
According to the single frequency EIS results, the main factor which affect the thickness of the oxide layer formed during ECMP process in alkali-based solutions is the applied potentials, the minor factor is the mechanical power.

Standard Eurocode 3: STN EN 1993-4-3 establishes the requirements for material properties of pipes and welds, associated with mechanical properties.
Introduction Structure and its construction elements are affected, besides the method of straining, by other factors such as material, its state and properties.
Integral part of material structure is the amount of irregularities and defects that affect material properties and thus its ability to withstand load.
Steel used for pipes must have adequate mechanical properties and must be suitable for welding.
Standard STN EN 1993-4-3: 2007 establishes the requirements for material properties of pipes and welds, associated solely with mechanical properties.

Analysis of the Influence of Microstructure Heterogeneity and Mechanical Properties of Welded Joint Constituents on Fracture Toughness for Plane Strain, KIc Ivica Čamagić1, a, Nemanja Vasić1, b, Zijah Burzić2, c, Aleksandar Sedmak3, d 1Faculty of Technical Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, 7 Kneza Miloša Street, Serbia 2Military Institute of Techniques, Belgrade, 15 Katanićeva Street, Serbia 3Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, 16 Kraljice Marije Street, Serbia aivica.camagic@pr.ac.rs, bnemanja.vasic@pr.ac.rs, czijah_burzic@rvkds.net, dasedmak@mas.bg.ac.rs Keywords: welded joint, crack, notch, fracture toughness under plane strain Abstract.
Welded joint, as an integral part of a structure, represents inhomogeneity by microstructure and mechanical properties, often by geometrical form, and by the stress field as well, which are affected by various factors as well as residual stresses after welding [1].
Experimental Determination of the Fracture Toughness, KIc Butt welded joint (2/3 X-weld) of Nionikral-70 low alloyed high strength steel was studied, in order to perceive more clearly the influence of microstructure heterogeneity and mechanical properties of welded joint on fracture toughness, KIc, under plane strain.
The influence of structure heterogeneity on the toughness properties of the welded joint components can be seen from the diagrams [7].
Values of the fracture mechanics parameters Specimen mark Critical J integral JIc, [kJ/m2] Critical stress intensity factor KIc, [MPa m1/2] BM-1 90,4 142,7 BM-2 94,3 145,8 WM-1 64,3 119,2 WM-2 61,5 116,6 HAZ-1 80,4 131,9 HAZ-2 74,9 127,3 Summary Heterogeneity of welded joint mechanical properties, or its components, can be clearly seen from the obtained values of fracture toughness under plane strain, KIc, determined indirectly by the critical JIc integral.

With a much smaller volume fraction in the composite, nanoparticles are able to provide the composite material with strength enhancements, without affecting other properties.
Mechanical Properties.
In addition to advantages in mechanical properties, PCNC possess improvements in other properties such as gas barrier properties and thermal properties.
Since the filler weight ratio is very small, this occurs without affecting other favorable properties.
These two factors were studied extensively by Xu et al. [15].

The principles of the geometrical base parameter are dependent on several factors, such as the bending angle, bending radius, material thickness, bend allowance, bending types and mechanical properties of materials.
In this study, the bending process would be investigated to study the effect of the material mechanical properties and bending geometries, such as a ratio of bending radius to sheet thickness on the bending quality.
The effect of the ratio of the bending radius to sheet thickness ratio and mechanical property were also discussed.
There are many parameters that could affect the K-factor.
The sheet material was a high strength steel, and its properties were taken from the uniaxial tensile test for determining the flow stress.

During the analysis, the properties of steel material must be defined firstly, which are the decisive factor affecting the carrying capacity of steel beam.
The mechanical and physical properties of steel at high temperatures were accessed accordance to the provisions of the European specification in analysis.
The finite element program ANSYS was used to analyze the constraints steel beam, which subjected to the uniformly line loads, then the steel beam was heated up continuously, and the mechanical properties and deformation of the steel beam was analyzed at different temperatures.
However, steel is not fire-resistant, although the steel is non-flammable materials, but the physical and mechanical properties changes greatly at high temperatures.
Computational Model To th3e steel beam, the mechanical properties and deformation affected by the high temperature were analyzed.

Study on Properties of Porous Ecological Concrete for Plant-growing in China LI Zhengqi1, a 1Department of Building Engineering, Tongji University, China alzqtjutmd@hotmail.com Keywords: porous ecological concrete; physical and mechanical properties; alkali features; durability; engineering applications.
Both the properties and influencing factors of its physical and mechanical behavior, alkali feature and durability are analyzed.
Also some other factors affect the concrete strength, including ages, strength of aggregate, producing process, curing condition, and so on.
Because of its porous structure, both the inner and outer surface have large area contacting with air and water, so it is more likely to be affected by environment factors, and its durability is critical for its engineering application.
“Research on proportion design and mechanical properties of porous concrete,” Guangdong Water Resources and Hydropower, vol. 1,pp.54-55,59, February 2008 (in chinese)