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Investigation of stress field and wear depth of Cr-Mo-Cu alloy cast iron with nano-additives under abrasive wear Chaohui WANG1,2, You WANG2,*, Zhaoyi PAN2, Xiaohua GU1, Shengxiao LI1 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, PR China 2 Laboratory of Nano Surface Engineering, Department of Materials Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China (*Corresponding author.
Address: Laboratory of nano surface engineering, Department of Materials Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China.
Materials properties.
The substrate material was considered to bilinear hardening materials comprising of elastic modulus and tangent modulus.
Materials properties used in finite element simulation were summarized in the Table 1.

Introduction Metal materials including stainless steel, titanium alloy and cobalt-chromium-based alloy can keep stable structure for a long period in human body due to their good corrosion resistance properties; they have been widely used for implantation into human body as biomedical materials in clinic, such as artificial arthrosis, artificial tooth, oral cavity implanting materials and artificial heart valve.
But disadvantages also exist for these permanently implanted metal materials.
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However, these indices are not robust enough to detect steel framed roof due to the diversity of impervious materials.
However, it belongs to warming material for urban thermal environment from the perspective of urban heat island (UHI), and that has stronger warming ability than other traditional roofing materials.
Steel framed roof, as one kind of more and more popular impervious material, is playing an important role in urban thermal environment.
Journal of Anhui Normal University (Natural Science).
Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University.

These stresses can decrease the properties of materials and cause flaw.
Therefore, it is important to find the residual stresses distribution in green compact for ensuring the high performance of materials.
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The tensile results of the materials ECAP deformed at 473K showed that the strength initially decreased before eventually increasing, and the ductility increased significantly from 16% in the extruded material to 42% after 3 passes before decreasing.
Chen: The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals Vol. 20(2010), p. 1455
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Therefore, size is very important to model materials.
If continue to increase the dimension, we should simulate the material of the prototype and model better, but at the same time the request for the similar material will be more strict.
Acknowledgements This work is financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation (51074094) and National Natural Science Foundation (51374134).
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Introduction Composites from fiber materials are continuously researched and developed to become alternative materials to replace metal materials, due to the superior properties of fiber composites.
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Sulfer and sulfides were one of the candidates of substitution as lead-free materials.
Bismuth, Indium and a polymer like a PTFE were lead-free material which were similar with lead as soft lubricant materials [2,3,4].
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Materials and methods Experimental material.
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These results indicate as following: (1) The formation of graphite chips is greatly similar to that of ceramic and other typical brittle materials.
In step (a), the work materials ahead of the rake face and tool tips are cracked into fine particles, which accumulate easily on the tool-work interface.
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