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Moreover, it is well established that morphological and structure parameters strongly affect the photocatalytic activity of semiconductor photocatalysts [8, 9].
Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the surface morphology of TiO2 nanoparticles was measured, and their crystal structure was determined by X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD) of D/MAX-rB, which was radiated by Cu Kα.
It indicated the prepared TiO2 nanoparticles had integrated crystal structure.
Photobiol., A Chemistry Vol. 148 (2002), P. 161 [9] O.
Photobiol., A: Chemistry Vol. 144 (2001), P. 185

The structure of the nanosized CoFe2O4 powders was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
However all of these wet chemical methods, to some extent,still need calcining at relative high temperature and long soaking to produce powders with good crystal structure.
Fig.1 X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of as-synthesized powder(a) and powders calcined at different temperature for 2h,(b) 450 oC,(c) 600 oC and (d) 750 oC Fig. 2 TEM photographs of as-synthesized powder(a) and powders calcined at different temperature for 2h,(b)450 oC,(c)600 oC and (d)750 oC It could be observed that the dried gel was amorphous while the as-synthesized powder exhibited well-defined crystalline structure consising of monophasic CoFe2O4, similar to that of CoFe2O4 powders heated at 450 oC, 600 oC and 750 oC for 2h.
Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry,1999, 12,1462-1467
Materials Chemistry and Physics,2008,108, 269-273

Glass Formation and Structure of the Glasses in the MoO3-Nd2O3-Bi2O3 System Reni Iordanova1,a Lyubomir Aleksandrov 1, b, Angelina Stoyanova2, c Yanko Dimitriev 3, d 1 Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Blvd."
Bonchev" bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria, 2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria 3 University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Blvd."
The structure of glasses with a high MoO3 content was found to consist of corner shared MoO6 units.
The decreasing intensity of the band near 550 570 cm-1 in the glass spectrum means that amount of edge shared bonds decreased in the amorphous structure.
Nd2O3 preserve the high coordination number (6) of Mo in the glass structure.

All the diffraction peaks can be indexed as the hexagonal wurtzite structure CdS crystallites.
The magnifical image in Fig. 2e shows there is no hierarchical structure in the flower-like CdS crystallites.
It is found that the blue-shift is resulted from the special hierarchical morphology structure.
The as-prepared CdS crystallites were hexagonal wurtzite structure and in high purity.
Narayanan, Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes, J.

The calculation results indicate that the crystal structure of Sn0.9375Ti0.0625O2 possesses a smaller volume; the bond length of Ti-O is shorter than that of Sn-O; the relative angle θ change value of Sn-O-Sn→Ti-O-Ti is about 1.07%.
It is necessary to obtain a deeper insight into the intrinsic electronic structure of Ti-doped SnO2.
SnO2 phase possesses a tetragonal symmetry in rutile structure in the P42/mnm (No. 136) space group, which is characterized by three parameters: a, c and one internal parameter u describing the displacements of anions.
SnO2 with the rutile structure consists of straight chains of edge-sharing octahedra which lies parallel to the c axis.
In order to understand the change of bond length and angle, the bond population analysis, widely used in the field of quantum chemistry [23], is considered.

Both of which are used in countless applications including use in some food cans, bottle tops, water supply pipes, drink packaging, household appliances, dental sealants and bonding agents.[1, 2] In Figure 1 the chemical structure of BPA is presented.
On the basis of our previous research, Adding β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) enhance photodegradation and adsorption of BPA in TiO2 suspension.[7] The aim of this work is to study the structure of β-cyclodextrin modified TiO2 nanoparticles using crosslinking techniques and to estimate their adsorption capacity for the BPA.
Deng, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 179, (2006), 49
Ramachandra Reddy, Materials Chemistry and Physics 78, (2003), 239
Banfield, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 104, (2000), 3481.

In this paper, co-precipitation chemistry for synthesizing La(PO4): Ce, Tb was reported.
The XRD pattern analysis was performed to determine the powders crystal structures and phase homogeneity of the prepared powders.
Sintering at 1100℃, the powder particles crystal-type lattice tended to be completed, and the particle structure was complete, particle size was uniform and at 70 nm.
Materials Chemistry and Physics. 68 (2001) 98-99
Materials Chemistry and Physics. 91 (2005) 524-531.

The decrease in conductivity is also due to the formation of linkages between the salt forming the crystallized structure [9].
It can be observed that on addition of EC the spherical structure in pure PMMA film is reduced as shown in Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b).
Hattori: J. of Physics and Chemistry Vol. 68 (2007), p. 407-412
Stimming: Materials Chemistry and Physics Vol. 90 (2005), p. 245-249
Wang, S.Dong: Materials Chemistry and Physics Vol. 74 (2002), p. 98-103

Then the powders precursor were sintered to CaZr4(PO4)6 ceramics with single phase structure at 1400℃ for 8 hours.
The relative density was measured, the phase structure of the materials synthesized at different temperatures and the average coefficients of thermal expansion were investigated.
Introduction CaZr4(PO4)6 belongs to a new low thermal expansion materials known as NaZr2(PO4)3 structure family.
Results and discussion Morphology and phase structure of the materials.
SEM of the CaZr4(PO4)6 powders In order to search for the evolution of the phase structure in the synthesis process of CaZr4(PO4)6 materials, the different calcine-temperatures of the precursor CaZr4(PO4)6 and the sintering temperature of the ceramics were investigated.

Synthesis and Characterization of SiC Nanoparticles with Lamellar Structures from Taixi Coal Kangli He 1, Ning Liu 1, Ruiyuan Zheng 1, Wangyi Liu 1, a*, Bing Li 1, b*, Zeyong Wang 1 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China a*liuwy@nxu.edu.cn; b*libing@nxu.edu.cn Key words: Taixi coal; Silicon carbide; nanoparticles; lamellar structures Abstract: A simple and cost effective method was reported for the synthesis of β-SiC nanoparticles with differernt morphologies using Taixi coal as carbon source and Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, Co(NO3)2·6H2O and NiCO3·2Ni(OH)2·4H2O as additives, respectively.
The structures and morphologies were characterized by XRD, FTIR, BET and SEM.
The results show that SiC nanoparticles with lamellar structures were successfully synthesized at 1450 oC with NiCO3·2Ni(OH)2·4H2O as an additive which are very scarce to our knowledge. what’s more, the formation mechanism of lamellar structures SiC nanoparticles were also discussed.
Obviously, the xerogel containing nickel resulted in the formation of the lamellar structures SiC nanoparticles.
SiC nanoparticles with lamellar structures were successfully prepared by the carbothermal reduction of the carbonaceous silicon xerogels containing nickel additive which provide a new preparation strategy for synthesizing. 3.