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Online since: May 2006
Authors: Vicente Rives, Patricia Benito, Francisco Martin Labajos
Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR) analysis was carried out in a Micromeritics 2900
TPD/TPR instrument.
Temperature-programmed reduction In order to assess the effect of the microwave ageing on the reducibility of the synthesized hydrotalcite-like compounds, a temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) study was carried out.
On the whole, the reduction of Ni2+ into Ni0 takes place in the 375-750 ºC range; the complex curve suggests that more than one reduction process occur simultaneously.
TPR profiles of the samples are against reduction and sintering by the matrix, requiring higher reduction temperatures and resulting in a better dispersion of the nickel particles [21].
Rives in Layered Double Hydroxides: Present and Future (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, 2001) p. 115 [12] Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards, International Centre for Diffraction Data, Pennsylvania, 1977 [13] P.
Temperature-programmed reduction In order to assess the effect of the microwave ageing on the reducibility of the synthesized hydrotalcite-like compounds, a temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) study was carried out.
On the whole, the reduction of Ni2+ into Ni0 takes place in the 375-750 ºC range; the complex curve suggests that more than one reduction process occur simultaneously.
TPR profiles of the samples are against reduction and sintering by the matrix, requiring higher reduction temperatures and resulting in a better dispersion of the nickel particles [21].
Rives in Layered Double Hydroxides: Present and Future (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, 2001) p. 115 [12] Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards, International Centre for Diffraction Data, Pennsylvania, 1977 [13] P.
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Benudhar Sahoo, Sashi Kanta Panigrahi
Non-availability of design data warrants generation of fatigue data and appreciation of damage mechanism responsible for its failure.
There is approximately 9% reduction in E (Young’s Modulus of Elasticity) at 400° C and 16% reduction at 700 ° C compared to that of at RT which is reflected in Table 1.
There is not much reduction in % EL & % RA when tested at 400 °C.
Analysis of the cyclic stress response data reveals that the material gets isotropically hardening at RT and 400° C.
P., “A Code of Practice for the Determination of Cyclic stress-strain data” Material at High Temperature, 19(4), 2002, pp.165-185
There is approximately 9% reduction in E (Young’s Modulus of Elasticity) at 400° C and 16% reduction at 700 ° C compared to that of at RT which is reflected in Table 1.
There is not much reduction in % EL & % RA when tested at 400 °C.
Analysis of the cyclic stress response data reveals that the material gets isotropically hardening at RT and 400° C.
P., “A Code of Practice for the Determination of Cyclic stress-strain data” Material at High Temperature, 19(4), 2002, pp.165-185
Online since: January 2026
Authors: Andreas H. Foitzik, Andrea Böhme, Sandy Speck, Claudio Verona, Jörg Reiff-Stephan
High‑resolution CT data were converted to CAD models and additively manufactured as moulds; a gelatin‑based soft‑tissue matrix with glycerin and potassium sorbate provides elasticity and durability.
Current data on treatment errors highlight the urgency for effective, repeatable simulation training.
Material and Methods Anatomical modelling and mould fabrication Three‑dimensional brain morphology was reconstructed from high‑resolution computed tomography (CT) data using CAD software.
Integration with AR/VR and AI-assisted guidance promises adaptive, data-driven learning.
A life-cycle assessment should quantify cost, environmental impact, and reductions in animal use.
Current data on treatment errors highlight the urgency for effective, repeatable simulation training.
Material and Methods Anatomical modelling and mould fabrication Three‑dimensional brain morphology was reconstructed from high‑resolution computed tomography (CT) data using CAD software.
Integration with AR/VR and AI-assisted guidance promises adaptive, data-driven learning.
A life-cycle assessment should quantify cost, environmental impact, and reductions in animal use.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Jun Qi Dong, Qian Chen, Wu Jie Wei
The reason is that the experimental data of different type fin are mostly come from different literature and researchers, the data reduction methods and fin geometry parameters are not all the same.
Especially for little experimental data of wavy fin surface can be obtained in the open literature.
Experimental and data reduction 1)Test apparatus Fig.1 shows a schematic diagram of the wind tunnel apparatus in the study.
All the experimental data were obtained on basis of the heat balance which was less than 3%.
(a) Plain fin (b) wavy fin (c) louvered fin (d) offset fin Fig.2 Photo of the four types fin 3)Data reduction Effectiveness-NTU method can be bused for obtaining air-side heat transfer coefficient.
Especially for little experimental data of wavy fin surface can be obtained in the open literature.
Experimental and data reduction 1)Test apparatus Fig.1 shows a schematic diagram of the wind tunnel apparatus in the study.
All the experimental data were obtained on basis of the heat balance which was less than 3%.
(a) Plain fin (b) wavy fin (c) louvered fin (d) offset fin Fig.2 Photo of the four types fin 3)Data reduction Effectiveness-NTU method can be bused for obtaining air-side heat transfer coefficient.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Grzegorz Kopeć, Bolesław Machulec
The carbon reducers are not only a source of carbon as
a substrate of the silica reduction reaction, but also play an important role by acting as a gas filter at the upper zones in working space of the ferrosilicon furnace.
Introduction Ferrosilicon smelting is a continuous carbothermic silica reduction process carried out in the submerged arc furnaces with the Søderberg self-baking electrodes.
Industrial observations and laboratory testing indicates that properties of raw materials have a significant influence on the course of the carbothermic silica reduction process.
Data on chemical composition and vitrinite reflectance index R0 for several hard coals from different mines are shown in Table 1.
Observations of the 20 MVA ferrosilicon furnaces have shown that utilization of reducing mixture with composition 2* instead of mixture 1* (Table 2) influenced on reduction in the electric energy consumption for about 2.5 %.
Introduction Ferrosilicon smelting is a continuous carbothermic silica reduction process carried out in the submerged arc furnaces with the Søderberg self-baking electrodes.
Industrial observations and laboratory testing indicates that properties of raw materials have a significant influence on the course of the carbothermic silica reduction process.
Data on chemical composition and vitrinite reflectance index R0 for several hard coals from different mines are shown in Table 1.
Observations of the 20 MVA ferrosilicon furnaces have shown that utilization of reducing mixture with composition 2* instead of mixture 1* (Table 2) influenced on reduction in the electric energy consumption for about 2.5 %.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Yang Wang, Jiu Zhong Ling, Cai Xia Yu, Xiao Feng
Each modification is calibrated based on the survey data, and mainly applied in the evaluation of influence factors which can't be tested
Table 1 Reduction Coefficient of Traffic Volume V/C Reduction(km/h) Full-size cars Passenger cars 0.14 0 0 0.37 -5 -10 0.54 -8 -15 1.00 — — (2) Modification of mixed rate of full-size car The influence coefficient of full-size cars on passenger cars is calculated based on the percentage(Phv)and reduction coefficient (Ehv)of full-size cars in traffic.
Table 5 Reduction of lateral interference Vj(km/h) Level of lateral interference Reduction of speed(km/h) no 0 ordinary -5.0 serious -10.0 (7)Interference modification of exits and entrances Exits and entrances are relative to the sections in mountainous area.
Visibility function of programmed interface data is strong, which can show plane and vertical alignment chart, index cartogram, highlight of overrun section and so on.
In accordance with the collected measured data to evaluate the application of these systems; the results are shown in Table (abbreviated); running speed and the measured results are very close, as is shown in Fig.2.
Table 1 Reduction Coefficient of Traffic Volume V/C Reduction(km/h) Full-size cars Passenger cars 0.14 0 0 0.37 -5 -10 0.54 -8 -15 1.00 — — (2) Modification of mixed rate of full-size car The influence coefficient of full-size cars on passenger cars is calculated based on the percentage(Phv)and reduction coefficient (Ehv)of full-size cars in traffic.
Table 5 Reduction of lateral interference Vj(km/h) Level of lateral interference Reduction of speed(km/h) no 0 ordinary -5.0 serious -10.0 (7)Interference modification of exits and entrances Exits and entrances are relative to the sections in mountainous area.
Visibility function of programmed interface data is strong, which can show plane and vertical alignment chart, index cartogram, highlight of overrun section and so on.
In accordance with the collected measured data to evaluate the application of these systems; the results are shown in Table (abbreviated); running speed and the measured results are very close, as is shown in Fig.2.
Online since: April 2008
Authors: Dariusz Alterman, Hiroshi Akita
The paper is dedicated to predict tension
softening curve of concrete by using artificial neural networks (ANNs) based on experimental data of
five different mixtures of concrete (including High Performance Concrete).
In order to evaluate the prediction accuracy, tension softening curve and other fracture parameters were predicted for each mix from the other four mixes and compared with the omitted data of the relevant mix.
The reduction easily exceeds 10 % and sometimes exceeds even 20 %, [1].
Then, a prediction was made for the omitted concrete and compared with the data of the original omitted concrete.
[13] StatSoft, Inc. (2004) STATISTICA (data analysis software system), www.statsoft.com.
In order to evaluate the prediction accuracy, tension softening curve and other fracture parameters were predicted for each mix from the other four mixes and compared with the omitted data of the relevant mix.
The reduction easily exceeds 10 % and sometimes exceeds even 20 %, [1].
Then, a prediction was made for the omitted concrete and compared with the data of the original omitted concrete.
[13] StatSoft, Inc. (2004) STATISTICA (data analysis software system), www.statsoft.com.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Yan Hong Wang, Gang Zhao, Hua Zhang, Zhi Gang Jiang, Ming Xiao
In this research work, the actual production data of the manufacturer is gathered, arranged, formatted and quantified to build a resource and environment attribute database for the conventional manufacturing process.
The operation details for data gathering refer to the article [8].
Comparing with the simulation data of the demonstration workshop accomplished before and after, as shown in Fig.3, the optimal effects on the logistics intensity and the production rhythm are obvious.
Via gathering the basic data for motor power and machining noise in standard machining parameters, the optimal solution of machine scheduling for energy conservation and noise reduction is obtained in viewpoint of the machine tool-workshop system.
The production data in 2004 is compared with the situation in operational year due to the production scale is the maximum in 2004.
The operation details for data gathering refer to the article [8].
Comparing with the simulation data of the demonstration workshop accomplished before and after, as shown in Fig.3, the optimal effects on the logistics intensity and the production rhythm are obvious.
Via gathering the basic data for motor power and machining noise in standard machining parameters, the optimal solution of machine scheduling for energy conservation and noise reduction is obtained in viewpoint of the machine tool-workshop system.
The production data in 2004 is compared with the situation in operational year due to the production scale is the maximum in 2004.
Online since: October 2023
Authors: Roberto Macchiaroli, Piera Maresca, Pasquale Manco, Maria Antonietta Turino
Product data management is the practice of assimilating, processing, protecting, and storing product data.
Good data management must preserve the goodness of information and, in doing so, ensure that data is protected from unauthorised access and any loss or theft of sensitive data [9].
Data management can eliminate duplicate data, reduce search times, and simplify data storage [10].
Among the many data that are collected by companies are data related to maintenance processes.
Data management for CBM optimization.
Good data management must preserve the goodness of information and, in doing so, ensure that data is protected from unauthorised access and any loss or theft of sensitive data [9].
Data management can eliminate duplicate data, reduce search times, and simplify data storage [10].
Among the many data that are collected by companies are data related to maintenance processes.
Data management for CBM optimization.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Xiao Chuan Chen, Jin Fang Liu, Qing Li
Basic data cleaning and data validation function was developed to meet data quality demand referring to data integrality, data authenticity and data time effectiveness.
Thus, the meta data management module should record all data sources and compare the data from data warehouse with the data from source pages.
When the data are inconsistent, the system should update the data of the data warehouse.
Basic data cleaning and data validation function was developed to meet data quality demand referring to data integrality, data authenticity and data time effectiveness.
We are fully convinced that the application of these methods and data must lead to the reduction of family car’s LCC and actively enhance the level of design.
Thus, the meta data management module should record all data sources and compare the data from data warehouse with the data from source pages.
When the data are inconsistent, the system should update the data of the data warehouse.
Basic data cleaning and data validation function was developed to meet data quality demand referring to data integrality, data authenticity and data time effectiveness.
We are fully convinced that the application of these methods and data must lead to the reduction of family car’s LCC and actively enhance the level of design.