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Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials. 4 (2) (2014) 74–84
Provis, Alkali-activated materials.
Materials Today. 27 1 (2020) 40–43
Materials Science Forum. 1038 (2021) 193–202
Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials. 4 (2) (2015) 85–100

The microstructure shows differences in grain structure. materials with variations of si 0 wt% and materials with variations of si 0 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt% and 4 wt% have different grain sizes.
Weaknesses in steel materials at corrosion resistance.
Almost all steel materials are used in the ship's hull [1-3].
The following is Table 1—composition of materials.
These materials are cut and weighed according to the mixing weight ratio.

Method Material The carbon steel was sourced locally from Denpasar building materials market, Bali-Indonesia and its chemical composition, as shown in Table 1, was analyzed using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in MIPA Laboratory of Udayana University.
[3] Emmanuel Jose Ohize & Bernard Numgwo Atsumbe, Experimental Determination of the Effect of Wood Charcoal as Carburizing Material on Hardness, Impact and Tensile Strength of Mild Steel, Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics & Education, 9 (2), April, 2013, pp. 9-17
[6] Budinski, G.K., Engineering Materials Properties Selection “Fourth Edition”.
[8] Ihom, A.P., Nyior, G.B, Alabi, O.O., Segun, S., Nor Iv, J., and Ogbodo, J, The Potentials of Waste Organic Materials for Surface Hardness Improvement of Mild Steel, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 3, Issue 11, ISSN 2229-5518, November 2012, pp. 1-10
[12] Krauss G., Steels Heat Treatment and Processing Principles, ASM int., Materials Park, 1989

Soil contamination can be defined as the build-up of persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, or radioactive materials [16].
In another reason, since the chemical compositions of the fuel oil interact with the original soil composition and produce a material with a density less than that of the original materials.
AbdulKareem, Effects of residues oil contamination on the geotechnical properties of clay soil, Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences, 25(5) 2018 243-255
Osuolale, Oil contaminated soil as potential applicable material in civil engineering construction, Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 4(10) 2014 87-99
Ahmad, Influence of oil contamination on geotechnical properties of basaltic residual soil, American journal of applied sciences, 7(7) 2010 954

Hot Rolling of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy and its Effects on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Bin Chen 1 , Dongliang Lin 2, a, Xiaoqin Zeng 1, Chen Lu 1 1 National Engineering Research Center for Light Alloy Net Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.
China 2 Key Laboratory of the Educational Ministry for High Temperature Materials and Testing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.
The grain size of the as-extruded material is displayed in Fig.1 (a).
WANG: The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals.
FAN: The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals.

The material of the die is 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel.
Mechanical properties and thermal expansion coefficient of materials are measured by experiment.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology research project grants (2008064).
Li: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol. 28 (1992), P.53 (Chinese)
Dean: Journal of Materials Processing Technology.

Due to their potential improvement of ionic and/or electronic conductivity, suitably doping, Bi2Al4O9-based ceramics can be utilised in fuel cells as electrolyte and/or cathode materials.
Such as the Sr2+ and Ca2+ doped Bi2Al4O9 has been considered as promising candidate for alternative electrolyte materials [3, 6].
Gaidukov: Inorganic Materials Vol. 6 (1970), p. 1201 [2] I.
Nunes: Journal of Solid State Chemistry Vol. 147 (1999), p. 631 [3] S.
Schneider: Journal of the European Ceramic Society Vol. 31 (2011), p. 3055 [5] S.

International Journal of Fatigue, 26 (2004), pp. 365–376
Materials Science and Engineering, A, 394 (2005), pp. 28–35
Materials Science Forum, Vol. 726 (2012), pp. 156-161
Materials Science Forum, Vol. 726 (2012), pp. 162-168
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 1997, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 217–226

Effects of Fe on Friction and Wear Properties of Cu-Based Friction Aterial Rong Fua, Fei Gaob and Baoyun Songc School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China afurong@djtu.edu.cn, bgaofei@djtu.edu.cn, csongby@konform.cn Keywords: Friction and Wear; Sintered Cu-Fe Composite; Third Body Abstract.
The result indicates that as Fe content in the material increased, material density and porosity haven’t changed much, while material hardness obviously increased.
The reason is that according to the theories of molecule-mechanic gear connection, when the micro-convex bodies between two friction surfaces contact each other, the materials at the contact are stuck together due to the mocular acting force.
Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2001, 11(1):110-113.
Journal of the China Railway Society, 2001,23:29-32

The study illustrated the simultaneous realization of the least material and minimum entropy generation pin fin designs.
Kiwan, Effect of radiative losses on the heat transfer from porous fins, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 46: 1046-1055, 2007
Aldossary, On Solution of Natural Convection and Radiation Heat Transfer Problem in a Moving Porous Fin, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 39: 1303-1312, 2014
Li, Simulation of combined conductive, convective and radiative heat transfer in moving irregular porous fins by spectral element method, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 118: 475-487, 2017
Science and Engineering, 43(30): 1485-1497, 2017