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Compared with common materials, SMAs have two unique properties of shape memory effect and superelasticity, which will be valuable when applied to control the responses of civil structures.
On the other hand, considering current level of material processing technology, the qualities of domestic made SMAs are still not good enough, and large difference maybe exist among different batches of materials.
The calculation process is simplified by taking the advantages of not considering the physical characters of materials and no need to build the precise mathematical model.
Rogers: "One-dimensional thermomechanical constitutive relations for shape memory materials," Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structure, No. 1(1990), p. 207-234
Brinson: "One dimensional constitutive behavior of shape memory alloys: thermomechanical derivation with non-constant material functions," Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structure, No. 4(1993), p. 229-242

Introduction NBR has excellent properties of resistance to oil, heat and abrasion; it's widely used as the static and motive seal materials.
[2] Beilong Zhang, Weiyong Deng, Hengxiang Lu, etal:Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2006,100 (5) :4114-4119
[8] Guangdong Jiang: Aerospace Materials & Technology,1994,4:50-52,in Chinese
[9] Liqun Zhu, Huijie Huang,Bo Zhao: Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2007, 27(3):69-73,in Chinese
[11] Yan Xiao, Borong Wei, Maoping Du: Synthetic Materials Aging and Application, 2007, 36(1): 40-43,in Chinese

Study on CO2 Laser Surface Hardening of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Junwei Zhanga, Gang Leib, Shuchen Panc, Fayu Wud School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China alnkdzjw@163.com, blgwyh1987@163.com, cpanshuchen007@sina.com, dfayuwu@gmail.com Keywords: Laser surface hardening; Stainless steel; Quenching; Aging treatment Abstract.
Experimental Procedures Some 17-4PH stainless steel plates with size of 60×50×6mm were chosen as the substrate materials.
Liu: Applied Surface Science, Vol. 256 (2010), p.6065
Jiang and X.Y.Gan et al: International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 33 (2011), p.549
Ling, et al: Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser, Vol.13 (2002), p.767, in Chinese.

Among these available chiral selectors, there has been considerable interest in the applications of nano-materials to improve chiral resolution efficiency [4-6].
Due to their unique structure and remarkable mechanical, electronic, magnetic, photonic, and transport properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered as one of the most promising materials since the landmark research in 1991 by Iijima.
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[2] Salishchev G.A., Valiakhmetov O.R., GaleyevR.M., Formation of submicrocrystalline structure in the titanium alloy VT8 and its influence on mechanical properties, Journal of Materials Science. 28 (11) (1993) 2898-2902
[5] Stolyarov V.V., Features of deformation behavior at rolling and tension under current in TiNi alloy, Reviews on Advanced Materials Science. 25 (2010) 194-202
Annealing behavior of ultrafine grained structure in low-carbon steel produced by equal channel angular pressing, Materials Science and Engineering A - Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing. 581 (1) (2013) 104-107
Ser.: Materials Science and Engineering, 63.012047 (http://iopscience.iop.org/1757-899X/63/1/012047)
Ser.: Materials Science and Engineering. 63. 012144 (http://iopscience.iop.org/1757-899X/63/1/012144)

Experimental section Materials.
Morawski: Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 166(1): 1-5 [4] P.
Palgrave: Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2005, 15(17): 1689 [7] T.
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Metal matrix composites reinforced by nano particles are very promising materials, suitable for a large number of applications.
Many disadvantages like poor ductility, low fracture toughness and machinability can overcome by this new class of materials [1].
Metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) refer to materials consisting of a ductile metal or alloy matrix in which some nano sized reinforcement material is implanted.
Thus, metal matrix nanocomposites are suitable for production of materials with high strength in shear/compression processes and high service temperature capabilities.
It is known that secondary processing of the discontinuously reinforced MMNCs can lead to break up of particles agglomerates, reduction of porosity and improved bonding, all of which contribute to improve the mechanical properties of these materials [6].

In this way, the material removal in finishing area is homogeneous and the simply trajectory planning can get better surface quality when continuous finishing. 3.
Acknowledgment This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51075371), Scientific Research Foundation Dr. of Zhejiang Normal University, and Youth Fund of Zhejiang Normal University (KJ20100018).
Key Engineering Materials.2007, 329:201-206
Development of a padless ultraprecision polishingmethod using ER fluid [J], Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2004156:1293-1299
Interational Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 2010.4.

T., Materials and techniques used in cranioplasty fixation: A review.
(Materials Science and Engineering C 66 2016), pp 315–322
Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2016)
(Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology, 2017)
Series: Materials Science and Engineering 432 (2018) 012037.

These polyols have become important ingredients for some polyurethane materials because of the great functionalities of the starting materials[5].
Experimental Materials.
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