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The paper presents methods of obtaining and studying new materials - thin metal films of the Ni/Al system.
Introduction Currently, promising research of nanoscale objects has made it possible to reveal new fundamental properties of materials and their potential technological applications.
The properties of this class of materials depend on their size in one of the directions (in this case, on the film thickness).
Barnaul, 2018 152 p [18] Vanyukhin K.D., Kobeleva S.P., Kontsevoy Yu.A. 2012 Investigation of the uniformity of surface resistance Ti, Al, Ni, Cr and Au metal films on silicon Materials of electronic technology. 4 33-37 [19] Dunyushkina L.A.
Ekaterinburg: URO RAN, 2015. 126 p [20] Dmitriev S., Ishkov A., Malikov V. 2020 Scanning the layered composites using subminiature eddy-current transducers Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 982 701-708 [21] Dmitriev S., Ishkov A., Malikov V. 2020 Investigation of thermal fields at phase boundaries in powder mixtures that are subject to melting and chemical transformation Materials Science Forum. 992 1011-1015

Because the trimming process will cut off a part of the materials, so the circular blank area should be slightly larger than the area of can stock.
Materials of cans Model is 3004H19, its mechanical parameters need to be input to DYNAFORM.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 114(2001), pp. 114-117
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 44(2002), pp. 1039-1333
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 128(2002), pp. 17-19.

Acknowledgements This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51104026 and 41172265) and the Dalian Science and Technology Foundation (No. 2009J22DW033).
Numerical simulations of fast crack growth in brittle solids .Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,1994,42(9):1397-1434 [2] Ingraffea A R,Saouma V.
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Shah, “Mixed Mode Fracture of Concrete Subjected to Impact Loading,” Journal of Structural Engineering (ASCE), vol. 116 585–602, 1990 [6] Cendo D A, Galvez J C, Elice M, et al.
International Journal of Fracture, 2000, 103(3):293-310

Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Jiangxi science and technology support program (2009ZDG07600).
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Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin is a polymeric condensation product of the chemical reaction of formaldehyde with urea, possessing some advantages such as the rich source of raw materials, good bonding performance in wood panels, water solubility, and a lower price.
Experimental Raw material and methods.
Journal of Northeast Forestry University, Vol.32 (2004), p.32-34 [2] Libin Zhu, Jiyou Gu, et al.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 107(2008), p. 555-1562 [7] Kissinger H E.
Journal of Thermal Analysis, Vol. 2(1970), p. 301-324

Materials and Methods Experimental Instrument and Materials This study was carried out with three similar pneumatic annular flumes showed in Fig.1 which were placed in greenhouse.
Houle: Journal of Environmental Quality. 34(3): 1016-1025 (2005)
Wang: Journal of Hydrodynamic. 23(6): 826-833(2011)
KERI: Journal of Great Lakes Research. 36(2): 256-266(2010)
Qin: Science in China, Ser.

In: Nanostructured Materials for Imaging.
Xia, “Sensitization of Formate Ions Doped at Different Depths of Silver Bromide Microcrystals,” the Journal of Imaging Science and Technology.
Journal of Synthetic Crystal., Vol.35, pp1227-1231, Dec. 2006 [12] Xian Zhou, YANG Shao peng, Fu Guang sheng.
The 31st International Congress on Imaging Science: “Imaging Science and Technology in the Digital Era”, Beijing,. pp688, 2010 [16] W.
Li “Effect of formate or oxalate doped silver bromide emulsion on photographic properties of PTG materials”.

Materials and methods Materials.
Science andTechnology of Food Industry, Vol.8(2014),p,286-289(In Chinese) [2] Kar Lim Mitzi Ma, Kirk D.Dolan.
Journal of Food Science, Vol.76(2011),p,156-164 [3] Yubin Wang, Chao Zhang,Yue Ma, Xiaoyan Zhao, Xiqing Yue.2011.
International Journal of Food Science and Technology, Vol. 47(2012),p,1237-1245 [5] Yingsi Zhai, Lijun Pan, Liya Niu, Ziyu Chen, Shaotong Jiang.2012.
International Journal of Food Science and Technology, Vol . 47 (2012),p.2289-2296

Osman Cluster of Sustainable Engineering, School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Taman Muhibbah, Jejawi, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
Background and theory Rietveld method is the most common refinement technique currently used to determine crystal structure of materials using powder diffraction data.
A.R.West from Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield for his supervision of this project, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia for scholarship and funding under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS 9003-00336).
[2] Pecharsky, V.K. and Zavalij, P.Y., Fundamentals of powder diffraction and structural characterization of materials, Springer. (2005) [3] Larson, A.C. and Dreele, R.B.V., General Structure Analysis System (GSAS), Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LAUR 86-748. (1994) [4] Toby, B.H., EXPGUI, a graphical user interface for GSAS.
Journal of Applied Crystallography, 34, 210-213. (2001) [5] Young, R.A., Rietveld Method, Oxford Science Press. (1991) [6] Will, G., Powder Diffraction: The Rietveld method and the Two Stage method to determine and refine crystal structures from powder diffraction data, Springer. (2006) [7] Idris, M.S., Synthesis and Characterisation of Lithium Nickel Maganese Cobalt Oxide as Cathode Material, PhD thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield. (2007)

Suggestions for the achievement of an "economic and ecological" Circular Economy Enhance the economic foundation of theory and method in CE research We have raised a new work called material economic metabolism analysis, which means how to evaluate the total material demand scale of the economic system and how to evaluate the process of the material flow(throughout) according to the social and economic production, and what are the main influence factors to enhance the using efficiency of raw materials and energy.
Shanghai Environmental Science, 17(10) (1998) [4]Chen Lin.
Journal of Cleaner Production, (12): 825-831, (2004) [8]Erkman Suren.
Journal of Cleaner Production, (12): 809-823,(2004) [14]Lowenthal M.D. & Kastenberg W.E.
Shanghai: Shanghai Academy of Social Science,( 2007) [17]Zhao Ting.