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Holler3 1 Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro 2 Centrohem, Karadjordjeva 129, 22300 Stara Pazova, Serbia and Montenegro 3 Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic a gordana@ffh.bg.ac.yu Keywords: Electrochemical Polymerization, Gel Permeation Chromatography, Infrared Spectroscopy, Poly(o-Tolidine), Polymer Structure.
The structure of poly(o-tolidines) obtained by both chemical and electrochemical procedures was studied by IR spectroscopy.
Therefore, regarding the mentioned fundamental aspect as well as practical aspect of obtaining new conjugated polymeric materials, it was interesting for us to study the polymerization of o-tolidine and the structure of synthesized polymeric products.
[16] J.Coates, "Interpretation of Infrared Spectra, A Practical Approach" in "Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry", ed.

A new type of barrier composite film, imitating the structure of apple peel, was prepared in this study.
For this reason, several researches have been done to study the structure and properties of the apple peel in recent years [1-5].
As the ICL film had a dense cross-linking structure with modified SA, the water-resistant property of films had been further improved.
[3] B.D Whitaker, W.F Schmidt, M.C Kirk and S Barnes: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 49 (2001) No.8, pp. 3787–3792
Cecchini: Food Chemistry, Vol. 127 (2011) No.2, pp. 493-500

By comparing the original fiber with the regenerated cellulose, it can be concluded that Ultrasonic wave pretreatment significantly increased the crystallinity of the fiber, weakened the fibrillation on fiber surface obviously, which proved the process was a physical change and did not affect the cellulose structure.
Its principle was to broken crystalline structure of cellulose by ultrasonic resonance, loosen the structure relatively, shorten the dissolution time, improve the uniformity and reduce the decomposition of cellulose[7].
The result of FT-IR analysis of original cellulose and samples after treatment shows that the characteristic peak has no change after ultrasonication, but characteristic peak of cellulose I in 1430cm-1 move towards low WN to 1426cm-1, which means crystalline modifications appear in cellulose II, in other words, ultrasonication has changed the crystallinity and lattice structure of cellulose, at the same time it shows that ultrasonication is purely physical effect and make no chemical structure changes.
Progress in Chemistry,2009,21(09):1800-1806 [4] FenHERMANUTZ F.GAEHR F.UERDINGEN, et al.Macromolecular Symposia, 2008, 262: 23-27 [5] Shao Z Q.
Li WY, et al.Progress in Chemistry,2009,21(09):1800-1806 [6] Thomas Rosenau, Antje Potthast, Herbert Sixta, et al.

Biomolecule-Assisted Synthesis of CoS Microclusters with Well-Aligned Nanoflakes Min Wang1, Zhuqing Wang1a, Youcun Chen1 and Yulin Min1 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal College, Anqing China awangzhuqinggg@163.com Keywords: cobalt sulfide, biomolecule-assisted, flowerlike microclusters, CoS Abstract.
The morphology, structure, and phase composition of the as-prepared CoS products were characterized using various techniques.
Introduction The properties of nanocrystals depend not only on their chemical composition, but also on their structures, phases, shapes, size, size distributions and dimensionality [1].
For novel technologies based on nanoscale devices, we need not only to prepare 1D nanomaterials, but also to try to organize them into well-aligned patterns of configurations, which is of great interest in areas of chemistry and materials science.
Recently, biomolecule-assisted synthesis has been a new and promising focus in the preparation of various novel nanomaterials because biomolecules, as life’s basic building blocks, have special structures and fascinating self-assembling functions which make them templates of unmatched type for the design and synthesis of complicated structures in the nanometer or submicrometer regime [9].

Introduction Tourmaline is a complicated silicate mineral with typical ring structure and boron element.
It possesses a non-centrosymmetric trigonal structure, with space group R3m.
The films are island particle structure, which don’t completely cover the glass substrates
Lucchesi, Crystal chemistry of the schorldravite series, Eur.
Harms, Synthetic Ag-rich tourmaline: structure and chemistry, Am.

Idzik1,a, Rainer Beckert1, Eric Tauscher1, Przemyslaw Ledwon2, Sylwia Golba2, Mieczyslaw Lapkowski2,3, Peter Rapta4,5, Lothar Dunsche and Jaroslaw Frydel6 1Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Jena FSU, D-07743 Jena, Germany 2Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland 3Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44-121 Gliwice, Poland 4Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Group of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, D-01171 Dresden, Germany 5Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic 6Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany akrzysztof.idzik@pwr.wroc.pl Keywords: Stille coupling procedure; Electrochemical polymerization; Hyperbranched polymers; Cyclic voltammetry Abstract.
Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis.
Organic π-conjugated structures which undergo both oxidation and reduction, like starburst compounds containing thiophene units play an important role in the search for new materials in different applications [4].

There is a deep universal concern today about the influence of pollutants on the environment including soil, air and in particular water, and about their effects on the durability of engineering materials and the deterioration of structures and the infrastructure.
The chemistry of the metal/water interface under the biofilm is altered inducing localized corrosion.
Its direct and indirect action on the engineering materials, structures and environments produce metallic, unstable sulfides and significant changes in the water and sediments chemistry.
Manahan: "Fundamentals of environmental chemistry", 380-390, 415-422, 1993, Boca Raton, Lewis Publishers.

The structure of the composite samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
With the heat treated temperatures increasing, XRD peaks become sharper and the crystal structure was complete gradually.
[2] Gorges R, Meyer S, Kreise G.J, Photochem Photobiol A: Chemistry, 2004, 167: 95 -99
Joumal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2001, 139(2): 253-56

Pászli 3,c 1 Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, L.
Budapest, Hungary 2 Department of Physical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111.
Fractal and aggregate structures of porous materials were studied by a variety of the structure characterization techniques (TEM, small angle X-ray scattering, nitrogen sorption).
The aggregate structure defines a random packing of colloidal particles.
Conclusion Fractal structure of aluminosilicate aerogels and aggregate system of silica aerogel were under structure investigations with SAXS, USAXS, TEM, and N2 absorption.

Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Non-metals (N, F, P, Cl ,S)-doped Cubic NaTaO3 by Density Functional Theory Peilin Han1,a, Xiaojing Wang 1,b, *, YanHong Zhao1,c , Changhe Tang1,d College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Huhehaote 010021, P.
Electronic structure and optical properties of non-metals (N, S, F, P, Cl) -doped cubic NaTaO3 were investigated systematically by density functional theory (DFT).
E-mail: wang_xiao_jing@hotmail.com Calculation Method NaTaO3 crystallizes in a layered perovskite structure of space group Pm(3)m.
Results and Discussion The structures of pure and X-doped NaTaO3 were calculated by optimizing the lattice parameters and atomic positions.
The calculated results showed that the substitution of O atom by the non-metal may induce some change of energy band structure due to the inequivalent dopants.