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The contact between the bracket and the archwire as well as the choice of materials and surface roughness are factors that influence the occurrence of friction.
In addition to materials and manufacturing method, the design factor also supports to reduce the friction between brackets and archwires in orthodontic treatment.
Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials. 18 (2020) 1–8
Dental Materials Journal. 39 (2020) 735–741
Indian J Engineering & Material Sciences. 22 (2014)187-94

Introduction Drainage materials made of geosynthetic or geocomposite materials are increasingly used In hydrotechnical and civil engineering for drainage in earth dams, dykes, as well as in the basements of buildings and underground parking lots [1–5].
In this regard, it is necessary to create new drainage materials made of geocomposites with high reliability and water permeability.
Nowadays bentonite coverings [10] have been widely used, and earlier polymeric materials have found application for channel lining.
The bearing element of the «GP» geocomposite drainage material is a geogrid, which is made of propylene fibers of primary raw materials by extrusion method.
Dubrovskaia, Geosynthetic materials in hydrotechnical construction // Hydraulic engineering construction. 2014.

Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology. 2006: 6-9.
Journal of Hydrology, 2006, (330):354-367
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2000, (A73): 107-113
Estuarine, coastal and shelf Science, 2006, (69): 471-477
Journal of Hydrology, 2002, (263):56-71.

Yeltsin, 28 Mira St., Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation 2Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 34 Komsomolskaya St., Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation ad.r.salikhianov@urfu.ru Keywords: clad metal composites, joint deformation, cold roll bonding, interlayer boundary; dissimilar materials bonding Abstract.
Palkowski, Study of Different Surface Pre-treatment Methods on Bonding Strength of Multilayer Aluminum Alloys/Steel Clad Material, International Journal of Engineering Research & Science. 2–1 (2016) 169–177
Lee et al., Characterization of Mg-Al sheet clad materials fabricated by hot rolling, Advanced Materials Research. 26–28 (2007) 409–412
Jafarian, Effect of thermal tempering on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-AZ31/Al-6061 diffusion bonding, Materials Science and Engineering A, 666 (2016) 372–379
Xie, Effect of the steel sheet surface hardening state on interfacial bonding strength of embedded aluminum–steel composite sheet produced by cold roll bonding process, Materials Science and Engineering A. 652 (2016) 51–58

Molten materials are ejected out of the crater by the explosive force caused by material gasification.
There is more energy that can be used to remove materials.
The force used to throw molten materials out of crater gets larger.
Ai: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 149 (2004), p. 640
Niu: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 129 (2002), p. 135

This paper describes an approach to identify the influence of mechanical properties of the materials under the condition of containing residual stress.
By comparing the original specimen with the specimen contains residual stress, the change of the mechanical properties of the materials can be studied.
Materials Science and Technology, 2001, 17(4)：366—375
Gurson, Continuum theory of ductile rupture by void nucleation and growth: Part I––Yield criteria and flow rules for porous ductile materials, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 99 (1977) 2–15
Gurson, Porous rigid-plastic materials containing rigid inclusions-yield function, plastic potential and void nucleation, Fracture 2 (1977) 357–364

Evolution of accidentology science, computer engineering and systems of data collection and processing has allowed in recent years, development of border areas that make the connection between life sciences and engineering.
Shape memory alloys are typically functional materials, being more important what they do (take action) than by what they are (a property).
The properties that distinguish these classic materials are multiple: - resumption freely shape: memory materials resume their original shape when heated above the critical temperature after a plastic deformation property called shape memory effect simple.
The adaptive modular implants based on smart materials represent a superior solution in the osteosynthesis of the fractured bones over the conventional implants known so far.
Cismaru, Theoretical and experimental studies for an orthopedic staple made up Nitinol, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, Vol.12, No.11, (2010), 2323– 2332

Cazenave-Larroche, Machining Science and Technology, 10 (2006): 275-287
Liu, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 43 (2009): 33-39
Celaya, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 51 (2011): 43-53
Shi, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 96 (2015): 79-90
Wan, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, (2015): 1-14

Introduction With the development of materials science and micro-electronics, the mechanics performance testing of sample materials from micro- to nano-scale has been one of important researches among mechanics, nanotechnology, and materials science, etc [1].
Motoki's work for micro soft materials [9], etc.
�ature materials, Vol.7(2008), p.97 [4].
Journal of Materials Research, Vol.1(1986), p.601 [8].
Journal of Materials Research, Vol.7(1992), p.1564 [9].

Nano-materials are recently used to bind specific ligands to cancer cells.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2004. 149(1–3): p. 585-590
Materials Letters, 2012. 72(0): p. 153-156
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2014. 102(6): p. 1774-1781
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, 2013. 2(1): p. 51-56.