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Introduction The manufacturing of nano structures is one of the most important issues in nanotechnology with a wide range of applications to ICs, gratings, photonic and biomimetic materials, and sensors [1].
There are currently a number of lithography technologies developed for the nanostructuring of materials such as electron beam lithography, ion beam lithography, nano imprint lithography, and laser interference lithography [2].
In some applications, direct laser interference lithography can be used to get rid of the restriction for the direct modification of different materials [10,11].
Pessa: New Journal of Physics Vol. 10 (2008), p. 1
Schattenburg: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B Vol. 20 (2002), p. 3071

The chemical compositions of the three materials were showed in the Table 1.
Science & Technology Information .06(2013)79-80
Journal of desert research .3(2014)911-918
Science Technology and Industry.2(2014)49-54
Guangdong Science & Technology.4(2011)3-5

Czeslawa 16-18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland 2 The Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Krasinskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland a jolanta.matusiak@is.gliwice.pl, b andrzej.wycislik@polsl.pl Keywords: welding fume, determination of nickel, gravimetric method.
Welding in the inert gas shielding as well as plasma and laser cutting of parent materials of a high content of nickel ranks among the welding processes characterised by the highest concentrations of nickel oxides in welding fume.
Welding in inert gas shielding as well as plasma and laser cutting of parent materials of a high content of nickel ranks among the welding processes characterised by the highest concentrations of nickel oxides in welding fume [1-5].
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 9 (3) (2003) 333-350
Wyciślik, Methodology and laboratory testing stands for determination the welding fumes due to arc welding of steels, Journal of Engineering, VII (1) (2009) 21-26.

Recycling of slag dumps of aluminium production will make it possible to obtain new sources of raw materials, enhance the technology of handling and transportation of materials from man-made mineral formations to recycling plants without increasing the environmental load.
Taking into account high cost of bauxites and their wide application in aluminium production, it is important to find abundant aluminous materials, which might be used a partial substitution of bauxites in the blast-furnace process, and at the same time it is necessary to solve the problem of providing raw materials without significant increase of fresh raw material processing [13, 14].
[2] Xiao-LanHuang, AmroElBadawy, Mahendranath Arambewela, Robert Ford, Morton Barlaz, Thabet Tolaymat, Characterization of salt cake from secondary aluminum production, Journal of Hazardous Materials.
López-Delgado, Characterization of Solid Wastes from Aluminum Tertiary Sector, Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering. 3 (2015) 55-64
Naseem, Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Properties of Aluminum Oxide Nanofibers Synthesized by a Lower-Temperature Sol–Gel Approach, Journal of Electronic Materials. 45 (2016) 5185-5197

With the system, simulation of grinding process of all kinds of materials can be done, influence law of grinding wheel parameters (abrasive grain sizes, bond materials, grinding wheel diameter, etc.) and process parameters (grinding speed, workpiece speed, axial feed workpiece materials, etc.) on machining quality of the workpiece can be analyzed, machining quality can be forecasted and optimization of grinding process parameters can be gained.
Effects of the grinding wheel structure parameters (wheel diameter, wheel width, particle arrangement form) and wheel tissue parameters (abrasive grain materials, abrasive grain size, bond materials) on wheel life, heat dissipation, machining quality of workpieces can be anal sized through simulation.
It can be used to study the grinding mechanism and grinding process of various materials, predict the quality of the workpiece machining and the optimization of process parameters can be given.
This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No 50975043.
Lal: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture Vol. 37, No. 6 (1997), p. 751 Fig.5 Range the CBN grains according to isscross Fig.6 Topography of workpiece after virtual grinding Fig.7 Roughness of workpiece after virtual grinding

Synchrotron µCT Investigation of the Collapsing Pore-Network of Gelatin Scaffolds under Compression Annette Thiem 1, Victoria Lum 2, Rainer Grupp3, Heinrich Riesemeier4, Rajendra Bordia2, Helmut Schubert1, Rolf Zehbe 1a) 1 Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Materials Science and Technologies, Englische Strasse 20, 10587 Berlin, Germany 2 University of Washington, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Box 352120, WA 98195 Seattle, USA 3 Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Glienicker Straße 100, 14109 Berlin, Germany 4 BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research & Testing, Division I.3, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany a) corresponding author: rolf.zehbe@tu-berlin.de Keywords: Gelatin, Scaffold, Compression, Pore-Network, SR-µCT Abstract.
Materials and Methods Scaffold Synthesis.
Brochhausen, Journal of the Royal Society: Interface, 2009, accepted [2] V.C.
Mow, Journal of Biomechanics., 33(12), 1663-1673 (2000) [4] W.M.
Schubert, Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, 15, 445454 (2005) [8] R.

The quality of materials provided by the suppliers determines the product quality and performance, the green supply chain management should control from the source.
The materials of green packaging must avoid the environment pollution in the process using.
Green packaging refers to adopt the method of saving resource, protecting environment for the packing of the goods, Green packaging materials has the feature of the province, abandoned the least and easy recycling can be recycled. green packaging materials is harmless to human and the ecological environment.
References [1] Dongfei Liu, Wei Lu School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China.
Proceedings of 2007 International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications to Business, Engineering and Science(Volume Ⅱ)[C], 2007

Introduction Thin films have become an important topic of material science and it also has been long recognized that stress state influences the physical properties [1].
The Grazing Incident X-Ray Diffraction (GIXRD) with high precision and capability has been a powerful tool applied to the residual stress analysis for the polycrystalline materials [4].
Goudeau: Journal of Applied Physics.
Ting, McKerrow and J.Andrew: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings.
Genzel: Materials Science and Technology.

Acknowledgments This study were supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.
ZR2010BL025), Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials (No. sklssm201323)(Jilin University), State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry (No. 2011-13)(Jilin University), "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology" Shandong Province Key Laboratory (Weifang University).
References [1] CHEN Gui-yu, GUO Hong-1i, XIANG Dong-yu, Modern Chinese Medicine, 13(9), 24(2011) [2] TIAN Jing, WANG Wei-hong, LI Fa-mei, Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 18(2), 110(2001) [3] LI Yue-yue, WANG Hui, CHEN Jun, ZHAO Liang, ZHANG Hai, ZHANG Guo-qing, Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice, 28(6), 445(2010) [4] ZENG Li-jun, SUN Qi-shi, JIA Ling-yun, Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 26(2), 127(2009) [5] Yu Zheying, Xin Baifu, Li Hongfeng, modern instruments, 2, 73(2008) [6] ZHAO Bo, YANG Xin-bao, YANG Xiu-wel, ZHANG Lian-xue, LIU Jian-xun, Chin J Pharm Anal, 33(3), 382(2013) [7] WANG Song-Bai, QIN Xue-Mei, Chinese Journal of Spectroscopy Laboratory, 30, 1451(2013) [8] LIU Ajing, QI Guangcai, LIU Zhenye, BAI Zijing, Journal of Northwest Pharmaceutical, 27, 415(2012) [9] HOU Zhi-jian, SHI Yong-qing, Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 17, 80(2011)

Research on the Interlayer Stress and Warpage Deformation in FDM PENG Anhua （Engineering Training Center Huaihai Institute of Technology Lianyungang China 222005） pah7301@126.com Keywords: Fused Deposition modeling (FDM); Warpage deformation; Interlayer stress; Process parameters Abstracts: Fused deposition modeling (FDM), a representative prototyping technology with no use of toxic materials, has been widely used in offices.
M., et al: International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol.33 (2007), pp.1087-1096
(In Chinese) [3] ZHAO Wanhua: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol.38 (2002), pp.47-51.
(In Chinese) [4] ZHANG Liucheng: Basics of Polymer Materials, 2002.
(In Chinese) [5] MOSTAFA Nikzad, SYED Hasan Masood: Tsinghua Science and Technology, Vol.14 (2009), pp.29-37