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Online since: July 2007
Authors: Thierry Baudin, Richard Penelle, Laurent Barrallier, Polina Volovitch, F. Caleyo
The orientation distribution of the first nuclei, their displacement, size and number evolution can be studied.
The maximum number of nuclei is observed after the recovery period at the beginning of the recrystallization (fig. 1a).
After this moment, the number of nuclei decreases as grain growth develops.
Because of limited number of grains in studied EBSD maps, it is obvious that the texture simulated from EBSD does not reproduce exactly the global texture obtained by diffraction experiments.
However the main features in texture evolution can be seen even by use of the limited number of grains.
Online since: October 2017
Authors: Shi Bo Ma, Hua Jun Yan, Shuang Jie Zhang, Rui Dong Hou
There are a number of the black impurities in the bonding band and joint interface, and the interface is a “virtual bonding” state.
New “necklaces” grains are formed around the grain boundaries and the impurities in the band and the band width have been almost disappeared.
Thus, the dynamic recrystallization is carried out fully, and a large number of co-grains are produced on the interface.
Meanwhile the interface grain boundaries produce a large number of dislocations and other defects, which reduce the diffusion activation energy.
When the press quantity reaches 125%, as shown in Fig.9 (e) ~ (f), it can be seen that oxide is broken clearly and the number of dimples increased dramatically.
Online since: April 2021
Authors: Zhi Qiang Sun, Jian Lin Zhang, Xiang Hong Yao, Zhong Bing Chen
Cr carbide precipitates at the grain boundary, and some of particles distribute continuously on the grain boundary after service.
The continuous precipitates in grain boundary and dislocation lines in the grains can be observed in a trigeminal grain boundary region, and the particles of each precipitate are very fine, as shown in Fig.7 (a).
In another zone of the sample, a large number of dislocation lines and dislocation entanglement areas and twins can be observed, as shown in Fig. 7 (b).
According to the relevant research [8], the stress-induced strain will increase the density of matrix dislocations and produce a large number of nucleation zones, and fine NbC precipitates from the matrix, especially in the places with dislocations.
Fine NbC precipitated in the crystal can increase grain strength, and more plastic deformation is concentrated on the grain boundary.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Chen Zeng, Xiao Li Liu, Shou Ye Yang, Wen Rui Huang, Lin Lu Li, Xin Yu Hu, Fei Teng
Yangtze River Drainage Basin Grain Size and POC component of suspended matter in lower Yangtze River Grain size and POC in Datong showed obvious seasonal change.
The controlling factors of the seasonal changes of grain size.
(2) Grain size controlled the POC%.
The upper reaches of the Yangtze River had strong physical erosion in flood season due to heavy rainfall, and brought a large number of coarsedetrital mineral[8], whose particle size is larger generally and more difficult to adsorb POC.
The grain size reduced.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Yong Dai, Dong Hui Ding, Liang Li, Rui Jiang He
By using probability and statistics, the model of cutting depth distribution of grains was obtained. 1 Introduction In the lapping process of multi-cell-disc, the deformation of multi-cell, the processing load, the distribution of abrasive group and other factor have significant impact to the distribution of abrasive group’s cutting depth on multi-cell-disc.
So make the following assumptions to simplify the analysis2 : (1) Particles as a rigid body; (2) Assuming the surface to be processed is an ideal plane before processing; (3) Assuming hardness of the material processing is a constant, and unrelated with the shape of abrasive, pressure and other factors; (4) In the circumstances of the lapping pressure is certain, Each abrasive grain in lapping assumed load is changing at different times, but the total load is a constant3; (5) At a certain moment, abrasive and lapping surface are stable and maintain contact with parallel, the distance between them is a definite value, and can change over time; (6) The amount of overlap has nothing to do with the contact force, Compared with the particle size, the amount of overlap is small.These assumptions are set based on the actual processing conditions, it is realistic. 3 Analysis single abrasive grain stress As the lapping of multi-cell-disc is formed by the number of abrasive particles in the surface
The depth of Single grain pressed into the work piece have a certain relationship with the depth of pressed into the under disc.
In the lapping process, in the role of some lapping press, the force of abrasive give under disc and work piece are P, this time when abrasive are pressed into the work piece also into the under disc. 4 Establish mechanical model between single abrasive and work piece The mechanical relationship between the Single grain and work piece diagram shown in Fig.5.
When not fixed angle is pressed into the specimen, the relationship among the indentation depth, single grain pressure, semi-angle of pyramid pressed into the work piece and the yield point of the work piece materials are4: (2) In the formula, P is the single grain pressure (N); σs is the yield point of the work piece material.
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Rimma Lapovok, Yuri Estrin, Hoi Pang Ng, Christian Haase
This becomes possible due to high green density and the presence of a large number of fast diffusion paths associated with dislocations and grain boundaries.
We were guided by previous experience that the temperature of sintering required after direct compaction of BE powders by ECAP can be reduced due to high green density and the presence of a large number of fast diffusion paths associated with dislocations and grain boundaries [6].
In the case when MA1 particles were used, samples exposed to the two temperatures exhibited similar microstructures characterised by globular and equiaxed α-phase grains with elongated β-phase at the α grain boundaries and accumulated β-phase at α triple junctions, Fig 5 (a) and (b).
The number of α-phase nuclei formed at the grain boundaries depends on the grain size and therefore, a smaller number of nuclei per grain were available due to concurrent ECAP grain refinement, Fig. 6.
(Ultrafine grains ~100-200 nm in size and a high dislocation density can be seen.)
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Ming Shan, Gui Xiang Chen, Zhao Ran Xiao
· Storage depots are scattered, the number of the depot whose storage is below 10,000 tons is more than 60
One grain logistics park, two grain distribution centers, and 40~60 depots are to be built hierarchically in Mianyang.
Figure 1 shows the layout of the grain logistics node in Mianyang.
Inspection center of the quality of food in Mianyang should get independent legal person qualification, total investment will be 18 million Yuan. ² Informatization construction project The information management system of food and the information network of food will be built in Mianyang, so that the messages of enterprises, the number and the kind in the food warehouse will be managed.
Furthermore, the technology of green storage of grain should also be promoted.
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Masaaki Nakai, Mitsuo Niinomi, Junko Hieda, Yoshikazu Todaka, Hakan Yilmazer, Ken Cho
TNTZ subjected to HPT processing where the rotation number (N) is 20 (TNTZAHPT) after aging treatment (AT) shows a unique microstructure having ultrafine elongated grains (285 nm in length and 36 nm in width) with high-density dislocations, a large fraction of blurred and wavy boundaries consisting of non-uniform subgrains with high misorientation and nanostructured precipitated α phase.
Then, the coin-shaped samples of TNTZAT were subjected to the HPT processing at rotation numbers, N, of 1, 5, 10, and 20 with a rotation velocity of 0.2 rpm under a pressure of 1.25 GPa at room temperature (TNTZAHPT).
However, the grains exhibits an elongated morphology aligned along radial directions.
The maximum cyclic stress–fatigue life (the number of cycles to failure) curves, which are called S–Nf curves, obtained from plain fatigue tests of TNTZAHPT at N = 20, are compared with those of Ti64 ELI [17] in Fig. 4.
Furthermore, the grains exhibit non-uniform subgrains.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Rustam Kaibyshev, Valerij V. Zakharov, Marat Gazizov, Viktor Telesov
However, extensive grain growth occurs under subsequent solution treatment resulting in coarse grained structure.
It is seen that coarse unrecrystallized grains retain their elongated shape; normal growth of recrystallized grain leads to the formation of grains having equiaxed shape with size ranging from 4 to 20 μm.
In contrast, discontinuous grain growth in the samples processed by ECAP up to strain of ~8 and ~12 leads to the formation of bimodal coarse grained structure (Fig.3b); size of largest grains exceed average size of grains in as-cast condition.
It is worth noting that increasing strain from ~2 to ~8 leads to transition from elongated grains to grains with equiaxed shape which resulted from discontinuous grain growth.
It seen that there is a minor effect of numbers of ECAP passes on strength and plasticity.
Online since: March 2016
Authors: Jian Min Yu, Zhi Min Zhang, Xu Bin Li, Qiang Wang, Yao Jin Wu, Jun Wang
The hardness test curve showed that the hardness increased gradually with an increasing number of deformation passes.
These phases are collinear within the same grain, but have different orientations between different grains.
The grain is dividing into smaller grains along the kink band, and the grain size decreases and distributes more uniformly with deformation passes increasing.
Some kink grain boundaries gradually evolved into large angle grain boundaries, which effectively divide the original grain and the refined grains.
(4) With an increasing number of deformation passes, the volume of cuboidal particles gradually decreases and they become more uniformly distributed within the matrix.
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