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The choice of electrode materials is very important in the EDM machining process.
Elemental nickel on the surface materials increased, while nickel content elements in materials electrode were more than 15 percent, as shown in (Fig 2d).
References [1] Pichai Janmanee, Apiwat Muttamara, A study of Hole Drilling on Stainless steel AISI 431 by EDM using Brass Tube Electrode, International Transaction Journal of Engineering Management & Applied Sciences & Technologies.(2011)
[4] Che-Chung Wang et al., Recast layer removal after electrical discharge machining via Taguchi analysis : A feasibility study, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 209, 2009, pp. 4134-4140
Li, Study of the surface integrity of the machined workpiece in the EDM of tungsten carbide, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.139, No.1-3, 2003, pp. 315-321

This study seeks to extend the previous experiment using three biodegradable waste materials (coffee chaff, sawdust & mycelium, and unused cotton cloth) to make building blocks that can be configured using a dry interlocking system.[5] Since the three materials have been tested to make B-blocks, this research focuses on developing B-blocks using MBC.
Gursoy: Journal of Green Building Vol. 17.1 (2022), p. 37-69
Hebel: International Journal of Sustainable Energy Development Vol. 6(1) (2018), p. 296-303
Pfeiffer: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Vol. 1078(1) (2022)
Ross, in: Cultivated Building Materials: Industrialized Natural Resources for Architecture and Construction, edited by D.

The characteristic of petroleum contaminant adsorption materials and the estimation of adsorption attenuation XIA Yu-bo1, a, YANG Yue-suo1,2,b, DU Xin-qiang1,c 1Collage of environment and resource, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China 2School of Earth & Ocean Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3XQ,UK asosodragon@sina.com, bYangY6@cardiff.ac.uk, cduxq77@163.com Keywords: Adsorption materials, Freundlich equation, Natural attenuation, Petroleum contaminant Abstract.
Materials The crude oil was sampled from waste petroleum pit (WPP) which is in the south of study site in Songyuan China.
Philp, “Potential for Amorphous Kerogen Formation via Adsorption of Organic Material at Mineral Surfaces” Energy & Fuels, vol 8, 1994, p.1494-1497
José Ramón Isasi, “Sorption models in cyclodextrin polymers: Langmuir, Freundlich, and a dual-mode approach” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol 337, 2009, p.11-18
Kolditz O., “Uncertainty assessment of contaminant plume length estimates in heterogeneous aquifers” Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, vol 87, 2006, p.73-95

This paper gives a way which utilizes the PTC (positive temperature coefficient) materials to preheat diesel in the injector in order to improve the cold start performance and emissions of engine.
Conclusions These data were obtained under still diesel, if PTC materials is settled in injector, before engine is started, the diesel in injector is still too,so fuel can be heated to 60℃ in several minutes.
Journal of combustion science and technology, 1997,3(4): 406-411 [5] Z.H.Huang,H.Y.Miao,L.B.Zhou,et al, experimental study of unburned hydrocarbon emissions using oxygenated fuels with spark-ignition engine during cold start and idle-time [J].
[8] Z.M.Liu,L.G.Li, Combustion Characteristics ofCold Start at Low Temperature Based on the First Firing Cycle Analysis[J],Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2005, 11 (4) : 373～378
Journal of Luoyang Institute of technology,1999,20(4): 41-44

The results show that the FGM shell has better heat resistant performance than that of homogeneous materials, obviously.
Acknowledgements The research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No11172332., No. 90305023) References [1].
Huishen Shen: International Journal of Mechanical Sciences Vol. 44 (2002) , p. 561 [2].
Heydari: European Journal of Mechanics A/Solids Vol. 23 (2004) , p. 1085 [3].
Chin: Journal of Thermal Stresses Vol. 21 (1998) , p. 593 [5].

Lowe, Advances in metals and alloys for joint replacement, Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 88, pp. 232–280, 2017. doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.04.002
Kong, Annealing effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Ti/Al laminate sheets, Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 660, pp. 195–204, 2016. doi:10.1016/J.MSEA.2016.02.087
Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 704, pp. 25-31, 2017. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2017.07.096 [18] R.
Šofer, Cold rotary swaging of a tungsten heavy alloy: Numerical and experimental investigations, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, Vol. 61, pp. 264–272, 2016
Toth, Texture evolution in equal-channel angular extrusion, Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 54, pp. 427-510, 2009

Material that was observed to possess such properties was Phase Change Material.
PCM were identified to be materials that can store or release large amounts of heat energy during phase change.
Thermo-Magnetic materials used instead of PCM in a thermo magnetic engine setup. 2.
References [1] Jamal Nouman(2012), Comparative studies and analyses of working fluids for Organic Rankine Cycles, Master of Science thesis, KTH school of engineering and management, Stockholm
[5] Bahaa Saleh, Gerald Kogulbauer and Johann Fisher, Working fluids for low temperature Organic Rankine cycles; pp 1215-1218; Elseiver’s journal

When the goal is to join materials with a different nature, like metals and polymer-based materials, the challenge is even much greater.
The tested base materials were PLA and PETG filaments with a diameter of 1.75 mm.
Borsellino, in: Advances in Materials Science Research, edited by M.
Rodrigues: Materials & Design Vol. 106 (2016), p. 153-160
Alipour: Journal of Manufacturing Processes Vol. 45 (2019), p. 217-226.

Design and Analysis of Automotive Multi-Leaf Springs Using Composite Materials N.
Studies were conducted on the application of the composite materials for automobile suspension system (leaf springs) [2,3].
Al-Qureshi: Automobile leaf spring from composite materials, Journal of Material Processing Technology, Vol.118, (2001), pp.58-61
Venugopal Gowd: Static Analysis of Leaf Springs, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 8, (2012), pp. 3794-3803
[5] G.S.Shiva Shankar and S.Vijayarangan: Mono composite leaf springs for light weight vehicle- design, end joint analysis and testing, Material Science, Vol. 12, No.3, (2006), pp. 220-225

By means of the used materials, by their way of associating inside the footwear, a microclimate appropriate to normal physiology of the foot must be ensured.
Experiments Materials.
In Chinese [5]M.W.Shi, Y.N.Chen and M.Yao: Journal of Northwest Institute of Textile Science and Technology.
Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association.
Leather Science and Engineering.