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Experimental investigation of seismic behavior of a new type masonry walls Wei Chen1,a, Fangbo Wu1,b, Xuhong Zhou1,c and Hailin Huang1,d 1Department of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China acw9876@hnu.edu.cn(corresponding author), bwfbprof@163.com, czhouxuhong@126.com,dhhlvsgenius@163.com Key words: Masonry walls; concrete horizontal-holed hollow block; static cyclic tests; seismic behaviour Abstract.
Despite of their broad applications, the hollow blocks with vertical holes have some shortcomings in engineering applications.
It is obvious that a window opening could significantly reduce the load carrying capacity of a wall and this must be considered in engineering designs.
[8] Minaie, E, Mota, M, Moon,F.L, and Hamid, A.A. (2010), “In-plane behavior of partially grouted reinforced concrete masonry shear walls”, Engineering Structures, J.
[11] Wu FB, Chen W, Huang HL, Zhou XH.(2010), “Behavior of concrete horizontal-hole hollow block masonry”, 7th International Conference on Urban Earthquake Engineering &5th International Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo, March.

The first step is to establish an inventory of assets, followed by the establishment of relevant maintenance information and evaluation system to provide decision-makers to take full account of the economy, engineering technology, and engineering experience in making decisions factors[3].
584 (1.58%) 2.93 1,368 (3.70%) 3.30 10 (0.03%) 2.94 0 (0.00%) 0.00 1,962 (5.30%) 3.19 3 780 (2.11%) 1.66 1,006 (2.72%) 2.90 161 (0.44%) 3.30 15 (0.04%) 3.58 1,962 (5.30%) 2.45 Four times 1 16 (0.04%) 7.24 26 (0.07%) 6.88 100 (0.27%) 6.21 0 (0.00%) 0.00 142 (0.38%) 6.45 2 101 (0.27%) 1.69 41 (0.11%) 2.42 0 (0.00%) 0.00 0 (0.00%) 0.00 142 (0.38%) 1.90 3 85 (0.23%) 1.94 57 (0.15%) 2.52 0 (0.00%) 0.00 0 (0.00%) 0.00 142 (0.38%) 2.18 4 90 (0.24%) 2.75 51 (0.14%) 1.45 1 (0.00%) 2.08 0 (0.00%) 0.00 142 (0.38%) 2.28 Survival period analysis 11908 (32.19%) 6.21 16893 (45.67%) 7.11 3051 (0.54%) 5.72 46 (0.12%) 15.13 31898 (86.23%) 7.82 Table 5 The analysis period of pavement Country Applications Interest ratio (%) analysis period (years) Denmark Planning decision-making analysis on the design and use of maintenance 5~8 25 France Benefit assessment of the significant capital investment 8 --- Netherlands Civil
Engineering Design and Management 5 --- Britain New highway construction and maintenance 8 50 Sweden Planning decision-making analysis on the design and use of maintenance 3~8 60~70 Japan Estimated Bridges life cycle costs 4 50 Japan Bridge material selection 8 100 The study Freeway asphalt pavement 3 25 Conclusion 1.
Table 6 The unit price analysis of the freeway asphalt pavement Newly construction Engineering unit price in 1997 Maintenance Engineering average unin price Open grade AC (NT/Tons) 1,100 1,674 Dense grade AC (NT/Tons) 1,000 1,746 Asphalt roadbase (NT/Tons) 900 ── Nature aggregate roadbed (NT/Tons) 200 ── Tack coat(NT/m2) 12 12 Traffic line(NT/m2) 220 230 Temporary traffic line (NT/m2) ── 100 Dig thickness less then 1.5 cm (NT/m2) ── 23 Dig thickness 1.5~6.5cm (NT/m2) ── 35 Dig thickness 6.5~11.5cm (NT/m2) ── 68 Dig thickness more then 11.5cm (NT/m2) ── 58 Table 7 The NPV of freeway asphalt pavement since 1997 to 2008 Newly construction depreciation NPV (NT) Maintenance engineering Depreciation NPV (NT) The total NPV of road depreciation (NT) Difference value of truly NPV

Department of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610065 2.
School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, USA 14802 3.
Cailletaud, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology.
Rice J R., J Mech Phys Solids,1972,20:401-413 11.Hill R., JMech Phys Solids,1966,14:95-102 12.Peng X and Fan J., Computers and Structures, 1993,47:313-320 13.E.H.Jordan, K.P.Walker, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Jan 1992, Vol 114/19 14.Bassani J.L.
K., and Westengen, H., Automotive Engineering, , August 1995 pp. 87-92 17.Pengxianghe Zengxiangguo Fanjinghong , Mathematics and Mechanics, Vol. 19, No.

At the same time, the huge effect of bracket set was played a decisive role in Chinese ancient buildings shock absorption engineering.
Science Technology and Engineering.20(2010)5101-5105
[11] Code for acceptance of construction quality of timber structure engineering.
Civil Eng.
,Structural Engineers World Congress (SEWC’98), Paper No.T-222-6,San Francisco, 1998.

Obtainable Method of Measuring the Solar Radiant Flux Based on Silicone Photodiode Element Miroslav Čekon1,a, Richard Slávik1,b, Peter Juráš2,c 1Institute of Building Structures, Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Veveří 331/95, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic 2Research Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia amcekon@gmail.com, bslavik.r@fce.vutbr.cz, cpeter.juras@rc.uniza.sk Keywords: Solar radiation, Irradiance, Pyranometer, Silicone Photodiode Abstract.
Arriving solar radiation intensity is obtained by integrating extraterrestrial components of the spectrum through all wavelengths; this is subsequently used in numerous engineering applications.
An alternative method of measuring global solar radiation, which is possibly less accurate but also less expensive, is using a silicone photodiode element as a key subject of this study to demonstrate its availability and applicability to the field of Building Science, Building Engineering and Solar Energy.
Evaluation of a New Photodiode Sensor for Measuring Global and Diffuse Irradiance, and Sunshine Duration, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 125, 2003, pp. 43-48
Design and Simulation of electronic instruments for solar energy measurement systems, International Journal of Science & Engineering Research, Vol. 3, Iss. 1, 2012 [11] Štaffenová, D., Ponechal, R., Ďurica, P., Cangár, M.

Studies on the Time-Varying Effect of Root Morphology and Soil Reinforcement of Two Kinds of Herbs Zhao Bingqin1,a, Xia Zhenyao2,b, Xu Wennian2,c, Zhou Zhengjun1,d 1College of civil and building engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China 2 Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China a258434875@qq.com, bxzy_yc@126.com, cxwn@ctgu.edu.cn, dzhouzhengjun66@126.com Key Words: Root; Fractal theory; Time-varying effect; Soil reinforcement; Box-counting dimension Abstract: The roots can significantly increase the soil reinforcement of vegetation, and the fractal theory provides a new perspective for vegetation roots studies.
This paper based on fractal theory and study from the perspectives of fractal dimension of roots to study the fractal characteristics of alfalfa root and cynodon dactylon roots which have been widely used in slope ecological protection engineering varies with time. 1.
Alfalfa and cynodon dactylon which are widely used in slope ecological protection engineering are chosen as the research objects.
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 14(1988) 1376-1394
Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 33（7）(2002) 35-37

Introduction Titanium alloys has been widely used in civil and military industries[6-7] such as chemical, metallurgy, building materials, watercraft, mechanical engineering, marine engineering, aerospace, biomedical engineering, due to their many advantages[1-5] of high melting point, small proportion, high strength, good heat resistance and corrosion resistance.
Materials Science and Engineering, 1998: p. 243 A
Materials Science and Engineering C 25 (2005) 417 – 425 [9] S.J.
Comparison of measured and calculated on phase transition point of Ti-6Al-4V alloy phase transition of the experience of the caclculation formula [J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering.1998,(8):47 [15]《{TTP}12298 Rare Metal Materials Processing Handbook》{TTP}12299 .

Introduction Structural Health Monitoring and damage detection of Civil Engineering structures has become in recent years a major issue: the need of keeping the performances and evaluating the residual safety for aged or damaged structures has led to an increase in the development of non-destructive monitoring techniques [1-3].
Since in structural engineering applications often natural excitation sources cause transient or non-stationary responses, the use of specific signal processing tools is needed in order to extract reliable information about possible non-linearities.
Popisil: Engineering Structures Vol.28 (2006),p. 668 [3] R.
De Stefano: Key Engineering Materials,Vol. 293-294 (2005),p. 703-710
Erlicher: Key Engineering Materials,Vol. 347 (2007),p. 331 [13] P.

STUDY ON PROCESS AND MECHANISM FOR PREPARATION OF MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE WHISKERS Jiang Yuzhi 1,a, Han Yuexin 2 ,Yin Wanzhong 2 ,Li Yanbo1 1.Materials Science & Engineering College, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110168, China; 2.
College of Resources & Civil Engineering,Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China; a.jyz1616@sina.com Keywords: alkaline magnesium sulfate whiskers, hydro-thermal synthesis, magnesium hydroxide whiskers, preparation, mechanism Abstract.
[2] Wu Shijun, Liu Jinrong:submitted to Journal of Neimenggu Petrochemical Engineering(2005) [3] Guo Ruxin:submitted to Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technical Market(2003) [4] Deng Guochu, Lǚ Yongding, Yang Yousheng:submitted to Journal of Non-metallic Minerals(2003) [5] Hu Zangwen, Wang Lixiang, Yang Baojun, et al:submitted to Journal of Non-metallic Minerals( 2005) [6] Qu Baojun, Xie Rongcai,China.
Patent C,N13,598,53A [7] Zai Xueliang, Gao Guiping, Li Sufen:submitted to Journal of Sea Lake Saltand Chemical Engineering(1996) [8] Wei Zhongqing, Ma Peihua:submitted to J .Salt Lake Research(1995) [9] Ren Qingli, Liu Bin, Chen Shoutian:submitted to J .Rare Metal Material and Engineering(2004)

References [1] CIE, “The influence of daylight and artificial light on diurnal and seasonal variations in humans - a bibliography,” Publication CIE 139-2001, pp.5 [2] Yang Ming, Hao Yunxiang, “Advances in research on psychobiological effects of light,” China Illuminating Engineering Journal, vol. 11, Dec. 2000, pp. 53-55 (In Chinese) [3] Sam M.
[4] Science——the non-visual effect of eye,” China Illuminating Engineering Journal, vol. 17, Sept. 2006, pp. 1-3.
(In Chinese) [7] Lin Dandan, Hao Luoxi, “Experimental research on relationship between vision health and luminous environment for the primary and middle school students,” China Illuminating Engineering Journal, vol. 18, Dec. 2007, pp.38-42.
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Technol, vol. 38, 2006(4), pp. 314-324, [10] Yan Yonghong, Guan Yang, Wang Ning, Zhang Xiaokang, “Visual performance in a classroom with chalkboard illuminated by incandescent lighting and ambient lighting using T5 fluorescents”, China Illuminating Engineering Journal, vol. 7, July 2010, pp. 70-75 .( In Chinese) [11] Yan Yonghong, Guan Yang, Liu Xiangde, Liu Wei, “Learning efficiency and physiological response of students subjected to fluorescent lamps with different colour temperatures and luminance level, ” Journal of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering, in press.