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LDH may be represented by the general formula [MII(1-x)MIIIx(OH)2][An-]x/n·mH2O, where MII is a divalent cation (Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, or Ca2+); MIII is a trivalent ion (A13+, Cr3+, Mn3+, Fe3+, Co3+, Ni3+, or La3+), An- is a gallery anion (CO32-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, organic anions), x is the number of moles of MIII per formula weight of the compound, and m is the number of moles of co-intercalated water per formula weight of the compound [6,7].
The pristine LDH exhibits all characteristic diffraction peaks of hydrotalcite (JCPDS card No.51-1528), showing the pristine LDH sample is of a well-crystallized structure.

In addition to that CuO material exhibits a number of favorable properties as low cost, nontoxic and easy formation.
CuO and Si XRD results were matched by JCPDS reference card number (45-0937) and (27-1402) respectively.

All the peaks in each spectrum can be indexed with the tetrogonal phase of BiOCl (JCPDS card 73-2060).
However, when the annealing temperature was higher than 500 oC, the number of OVDs became so large that many photoinduced electrons were trapped by the defects, leading to an obvious decrease in the number of active carriers.

The diffraction peaks of spectral are in consistence with the JCPDs standard cards.
Table 1 is the sample serial number.
Table 1 Serial number of samples Sample serial number Absorbent name Sample 1 Magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere Sample 2 FeNdO3 Sample 3 Magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere (had not been pre-treated)+ FeNdO3 Sample 4 Magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere (had been pre-treated) + FeNdO3 Fig. 5 Relationship of absorbing effectiveness and frequency on samples.

LDH may be represented by the general formula [MII (1-x)MIII x(OH)2][A n]x/n·mH2O, where MII is a divalent cation (Mg 2+, Mn2+, Fe 2+, Co,2+ Ni2+, Cu,2+ Zn2+, or Ca 2+); MIII is a trivalent ion (A1 3+, Cr 3+, Mn3+, Fe 3+, Co 3+, Ni3+, or La 3+), A n is a gallery anion (CO32, Cl- , SO4 2, NO3, organic anions), x is the number of moles of MIII per formula weight of the compound, and m is the number of moles of co-intercalated water per formula weight of the compound [2, 3].
The pristine LDH exhibits all characteristic diffraction peaks of hydrotalcite (JCPDS card No.51-1528), showing the pristine LDH sample is of a well-crystallized structure.

All samples are identified as the orthorhombic structure with the space group Pnma (JCPDS card number: 40-1499), a single-phase olivine structure.
Acknowledgements Grateful acknowledgement is made to the support from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC project number: 50972135, 50821140308), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis Processing (Wuhan University of Technology, 2010-KF-6), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (CUGL090224).

At present, a great number of methods are available to produce α-Al2O3 powders in different shapes.
Comparing its characteristics peak with the standard card JCPDS (No.42-0250), the results confirm that the precursor belongs to the orthorhombic system. 2.2 SEM Analysis Fig.2 SEM Chart of Precursor and Calcinates in Hydrothermal Reaction for Different Time Spans at 120℃ SEM images of the precursor AACH, which is produced by mixing the raw materials aluminum sulfate and urea, and having them reacted at the temperature of 120℃ for 6 hours (Fig.2 a) and 12 hours (Fig.2b) respectively.
In the hydrothermal reaction system, with the processing of the reaction, the number of AACH increases and the hydroxyl group of AACH bonds with the oxygroup of PEG2000.

As shown in figure 1,all the diffraction peaks are in good accordance with the standard pattern of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 crystalline structure to JCPDS card No.80-2162 (Joint Committee of Powder Diffraction Standards) and the powder diffraction data is also in good conformity with the standard diffraction data of spinel compound.
All diffraction lines were characterized well similar to LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 crystalline structure corresponding to the space group Fd3m (Space group number No.227,a=b=c=8.170 Å), which showed that Ni2+ replaced Mn2+ in the lattice of LiMn2O4 so that forms a spinel structure of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4.
JCPDS: 80-2162 LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (a) (b) Fig. 1.
XRD pattern of the as-prepared LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material (a) and the JCPDS 80-2162 (b) Therefore, the wet chemistry combustion synthesis process can provide pure phase LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode materials due to the fast combustion synthesis reaction to avoid intermediate phases, thus may result in eminent electrochemical performance, good rate capability and stable cycling performance as the cathode materials.

Furthermore, the core-shell structure can be prepared by a number of methods, such as template-confined synthesis routes, high-temperature methods, hydrothermal synthesis et al [10].
The diffraction peaks, related to the (111), (200), (220), (311) reflections of cubic Ag phase, were observed obviously in fig1, corresponding to the standard PDF card (JCPDS no. 04-0783).
Fig.6 (a) and (b) showed as the deposition Angle increases, the peak intensity increases and then decreases, because reducing the number the Ag as the deposition angle increases .The image clearly showed that both the Ag/ZnO core-shell structure and the Ag particles can enhance the emission of the dye.

An applied voltage was 15kV which was selected from a number of experimental trials.
The phase identification of the β-TCP ceramic powders were accomplished by comparing the experimental XRD patterns to standards complied by the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS), card number: #9-0169 for β-TCP.