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Online since: March 2011
Authors: Matthias Hermes, Daniel Staupendahl, Christoph Becker, A. Erman Tekkaya
The procedure to generate this data is shown in fig 3.
Fig. 3: Process planning procedure to generate a springback compensated NC-data.
Input data are the geometry of the cross section and the bending geometry in a 3D CAD-format and the material data given by a flow curve and important values like the Young’s modulus.
Using this data, the bending geometry is redesigned generating a compensated 3D part.
It is the first bending trial without further process optimization and the material data was taken from a tensile test using the material of the profile.
Fig. 3: Process planning procedure to generate a springback compensated NC-data.
Input data are the geometry of the cross section and the bending geometry in a 3D CAD-format and the material data given by a flow curve and important values like the Young’s modulus.
Using this data, the bending geometry is redesigned generating a compensated 3D part.
It is the first bending trial without further process optimization and the material data was taken from a tensile test using the material of the profile.
Online since: October 2016
Authors: Dr.Sukrit Kirtsaeng, Pakdee Chantraket
Data Used and Experimental Process
Data used.
All these data were observed during years 2012 to 2013.
Data collection. 2.
Format of Cartesian coordinate system with weather radar data. 3.
The use of the weather radar observation data and rainfall observation data from TMD are thankfully acknowledged.
All these data were observed during years 2012 to 2013.
Data collection. 2.
Format of Cartesian coordinate system with weather radar data. 3.
The use of the weather radar observation data and rainfall observation data from TMD are thankfully acknowledged.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Xian Zai Yan, Jian Dan Li, Lili Yu, Chun Rong Wang
Catalytic reduction of MB.
The rate of the reduction process is monitored by measuring the change in absorbance from the initially observed peak at 664 nm.
Fig. 3 Catalytic effects on the reduction of MB (10-5 M).
Fig. 3c shows the catalytic role of raspberry-like gold nanoparticles in the catalytic reduction of MB in the presence of NaBH4.
All data suggest that raspberry-like gold nanoparticle is a promising candidate for catalytic applications when NaBH4 is used as the reducing agent.
The rate of the reduction process is monitored by measuring the change in absorbance from the initially observed peak at 664 nm.
Fig. 3 Catalytic effects on the reduction of MB (10-5 M).
Fig. 3c shows the catalytic role of raspberry-like gold nanoparticles in the catalytic reduction of MB in the presence of NaBH4.
All data suggest that raspberry-like gold nanoparticle is a promising candidate for catalytic applications when NaBH4 is used as the reducing agent.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Sheng Jun Liu, Jia Yong Hu, Xiao Fei Kang
Conditions of the surrounding environment is improved .The data show that after incineration, the volume of sludge can be reduced up to 90%[[]Zhou Xiahai .
Meanwhile researchers also apply multiple technologies to achieve better reduction effect of sludge.
Sludge reduction effect can reach 50% to 80%.
So it formed a sludge reduction process the effect of OSA.
So it can separate the cellular catabolism and anabolism of mutual, accomplishing the sludge reduction [[]Zhong Xianbo,Ye Fenxia. study on the reduction technique of remaining sludge Aerobic - precipitation - hypoxia (OSA), Environmental science, 2006,24(6):26-28. ].
Meanwhile researchers also apply multiple technologies to achieve better reduction effect of sludge.
Sludge reduction effect can reach 50% to 80%.
So it formed a sludge reduction process the effect of OSA.
So it can separate the cellular catabolism and anabolism of mutual, accomplishing the sludge reduction [[]Zhong Xianbo,Ye Fenxia. study on the reduction technique of remaining sludge Aerobic - precipitation - hypoxia (OSA), Environmental science, 2006,24(6):26-28. ].
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Zhi Yong Chen, Jian Xi Gu, Wen Xiang Bu
Superior equipment - the computer when the call data is stored data package sent.
Fig. 1 System block diagram The Hardware Design of Data Collection Node The Data Acquisition Hardware Block Diagram Shown in Fig 2, data acquisition module use STC89C54 microcontroller for data processing unit compatible with the Zigbee / the IEEE 802.15.4 radio frequency (RF) transceiver chip CC2430 design data transmission unit and data acquisition unit patrol all electricity RS_485 bus technology table, and connect LCD128 * 64 and DS1302 each energy meter energy consumption values and the acquisition time [3].
The data field length of L: L is the number of bytes of data fields, the read data is not greater than 200, write data is not greater than 50.
L = 0 indicates that no data field.
The data field DATA: send data encryption 33H, receive data reduction 33H.
Fig. 1 System block diagram The Hardware Design of Data Collection Node The Data Acquisition Hardware Block Diagram Shown in Fig 2, data acquisition module use STC89C54 microcontroller for data processing unit compatible with the Zigbee / the IEEE 802.15.4 radio frequency (RF) transceiver chip CC2430 design data transmission unit and data acquisition unit patrol all electricity RS_485 bus technology table, and connect LCD128 * 64 and DS1302 each energy meter energy consumption values and the acquisition time [3].
The data field length of L: L is the number of bytes of data fields, the read data is not greater than 200, write data is not greater than 50.
L = 0 indicates that no data field.
The data field DATA: send data encryption 33H, receive data reduction 33H.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Guo Yu Sun, Wei Li
Methods and data
Each investigated mill is an integrated bleached kraft pulp and paper mill.
For the cost, according to the production capacity of each enterprise and relevant investment soured from reference [13] presented in Table 2, the reduction of PCDD/Fs for unit investment are about 26.6-29.7μgTEQ/Yuan.
Table 2 The production capacity and cost of transformation projects for investigated mills in China Mill Production Capacity [104t] Imported equipment price [104Yuan] Domestic equipment price [104Yuan] M1 3.4 3840 2225 M2 5 5250 2900 M3 6.8 7200 4400 M4 4 4700 2860 M5 10 10500 5800 The reduction effect of PCDD/Fs by using ECF was based on the reed pulp in demonstration program, so there may be some differences in the practical reduction effects for other mills which don’t use reed as raw material.
Due to the limitation of investigation data, the study didn’t refer to black liquor emission load and energy consumption which are also critical to evaluate the application effect of ECF.
Due to the limited data, the analysis didn’t involve some equally vital aspects such as black liquor emission load and energy consumption.
For the cost, according to the production capacity of each enterprise and relevant investment soured from reference [13] presented in Table 2, the reduction of PCDD/Fs for unit investment are about 26.6-29.7μgTEQ/Yuan.
Table 2 The production capacity and cost of transformation projects for investigated mills in China Mill Production Capacity [104t] Imported equipment price [104Yuan] Domestic equipment price [104Yuan] M1 3.4 3840 2225 M2 5 5250 2900 M3 6.8 7200 4400 M4 4 4700 2860 M5 10 10500 5800 The reduction effect of PCDD/Fs by using ECF was based on the reed pulp in demonstration program, so there may be some differences in the practical reduction effects for other mills which don’t use reed as raw material.
Due to the limitation of investigation data, the study didn’t refer to black liquor emission load and energy consumption which are also critical to evaluate the application effect of ECF.
Due to the limited data, the analysis didn’t involve some equally vital aspects such as black liquor emission load and energy consumption.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Adkham Yakubov, M.G. Kutty, Pei Lee Siew, Maizatul S. Shaharun, S.B. Abd Hamid, Vladimir Piven
The reduction of these mixed compounds is only reducible at high reduction temperatures [9, 10].
Insufficient reduction of Co species on the support surface causes decrease the number of active cites, and this degrades the catalytic properties of the catalyst [11].
Fig. 5, Catalyst reduction system After reduction procedure, catalysts were transferred to autoclave vessel and suspended there with hexadecane [18, 20].
From GSMS data it was found that straight chain hydrocarbon (paraffin) starting from nonane (C9H18) was produced.
Based on the data generated from all involved equipments in the process, the conclusions are summarized as follows: 1.
Insufficient reduction of Co species on the support surface causes decrease the number of active cites, and this degrades the catalytic properties of the catalyst [11].
Fig. 5, Catalyst reduction system After reduction procedure, catalysts were transferred to autoclave vessel and suspended there with hexadecane [18, 20].
From GSMS data it was found that straight chain hydrocarbon (paraffin) starting from nonane (C9H18) was produced.
Based on the data generated from all involved equipments in the process, the conclusions are summarized as follows: 1.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Ji Gang Li, Yu Miao
The paper gives an analysis of the characteristics of carbon emissions through estimating Xinjiang’s carbon emission amount and then provides a suggestion that we should do more efforts to support carbon reduction in both production and consumption fields.
Therefore, the implementation of low-carbon energy development in Xinjiang requires strong support from all walks of life, and there’s a financial need to carry out its functions as the core of modern economy, to achieve carbon reduction targets for environmental protection.
Situation of Xinjiang’s carbon emissions in 2000-2010 unit:[10,000tons of standard coal ] [%] [ton of standard coal per 10,000 yuan] year Total amount of carbon emission The ratio of coal consumption to carbon emission The ratio of oil consumption to carbon emission The ratio of natural gas consumption to carbon emission carbon emissions intensity 2000 2096.87 73.71 20.54 5.75 1.538 2005 3386.99 66.84 23.74 9.42 1.301 2006 3710.99 67.72 22.43 9.85 1.219 2007 4053.54 68.72 21.61 9.67 1.151 2008 4388.06 72.85 18.23 8.92 1.049 2009 4725.25 76.90 15.02 8.08 1.105 2010 5162.47 77.44 14.14 8.42 0.949 Data source: calculated from “2012 Xinjiang Statistical Yearbook” 2.2.3 There is a big difference in carbon emissions across all industries , the industrial carbon emissions has assumed a dominant position.
In the development and utilization of clean energy and the introduction of low carbon emission reduction technologies, because of the high cost, high risk, low profitability and other characteristics , a corresponding financial policy support is inseparable for the leading procedure of the development and utilization of clean energy and the introduction of low carbon emission reduction technologies.
Peng, Q .Guo.The Study on running mechanism of financial marketization instruments to promote energy and emission reduction.
Therefore, the implementation of low-carbon energy development in Xinjiang requires strong support from all walks of life, and there’s a financial need to carry out its functions as the core of modern economy, to achieve carbon reduction targets for environmental protection.
Situation of Xinjiang’s carbon emissions in 2000-2010 unit:[10,000tons of standard coal ] [%] [ton of standard coal per 10,000 yuan] year Total amount of carbon emission The ratio of coal consumption to carbon emission The ratio of oil consumption to carbon emission The ratio of natural gas consumption to carbon emission carbon emissions intensity 2000 2096.87 73.71 20.54 5.75 1.538 2005 3386.99 66.84 23.74 9.42 1.301 2006 3710.99 67.72 22.43 9.85 1.219 2007 4053.54 68.72 21.61 9.67 1.151 2008 4388.06 72.85 18.23 8.92 1.049 2009 4725.25 76.90 15.02 8.08 1.105 2010 5162.47 77.44 14.14 8.42 0.949 Data source: calculated from “2012 Xinjiang Statistical Yearbook” 2.2.3 There is a big difference in carbon emissions across all industries , the industrial carbon emissions has assumed a dominant position.
In the development and utilization of clean energy and the introduction of low carbon emission reduction technologies, because of the high cost, high risk, low profitability and other characteristics , a corresponding financial policy support is inseparable for the leading procedure of the development and utilization of clean energy and the introduction of low carbon emission reduction technologies.
Peng, Q .Guo.The Study on running mechanism of financial marketization instruments to promote energy and emission reduction.
Online since: April 2013
Authors: Xue Jing Zheng, Meng Jun Yang, Wan Dong Zheng, Yun Kun Bu
The usage of renewable energy leads to the reduction in the emission of CO2 of 18895.9t per year.
1.
Basic data of energy consumption 2.1 Public buildings (1) The benchmarking data of public buildings refers to the norm calculation method of Beijing.
In summary, the annual energy consumption of DHW for one person is 73.7kgce/m2. 2.3 Computing method of energy statistics and the reducing of carbon emission (1)Energy statistics According to the results of basic data statistics, the consumption of building energy, such as heat energy, electric energy, natural gas, power fuel, can be obtained separately.
Table 7 shows the reduction in CO2 emission.
Table7 The reduction in CO2 emission Coal[t] Electricity [kWh] Natural gas[m3] CO2[t] Basic scheme 10586.2 76694922.3 428096.3 86874.8 Implement-ation plan 6012.6 66835158 429844.6 67978.9 Energy saving and emission reduction 4573.6 9859764.3 -1748.3 18895.9 5.
Basic data of energy consumption 2.1 Public buildings (1) The benchmarking data of public buildings refers to the norm calculation method of Beijing.
In summary, the annual energy consumption of DHW for one person is 73.7kgce/m2. 2.3 Computing method of energy statistics and the reducing of carbon emission (1)Energy statistics According to the results of basic data statistics, the consumption of building energy, such as heat energy, electric energy, natural gas, power fuel, can be obtained separately.
Table 7 shows the reduction in CO2 emission.
Table7 The reduction in CO2 emission Coal[t] Electricity [kWh] Natural gas[m3] CO2[t] Basic scheme 10586.2 76694922.3 428096.3 86874.8 Implement-ation plan 6012.6 66835158 429844.6 67978.9 Energy saving and emission reduction 4573.6 9859764.3 -1748.3 18895.9 5.
Online since: September 2023
Authors: Sumit K. Roy, Rahul K. Singh, Shyamanand Pandey, Swarat Chaudhuri
A significant reduction in crystallite size was observed, from 132 nm to 46 nm after 6 hours of milling.
Considering the above arguments, it becomes vital to study the effect of reduction in crystallite size of a compound, on its dielectric characteristics.
All the data were given a graphical representation using origin software.
All XRD data show a single monoclinic phase formation with space group C1m1 with the refined unit cell parameters: a = 5.767 Å, b = 5.7485 Å, and c = 4.102 Å.
Further, apparent crystallite sizes were obtained from linear least square fitting of B cosθ − sinθ data to the Williamson-Hall equation: B cos θ = (Kλ/D) + 2(∆ξ/ξ) sinθ (1) Where Bcosθ represents the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the diffraction peak, which is a measure of the peak broadening.
Considering the above arguments, it becomes vital to study the effect of reduction in crystallite size of a compound, on its dielectric characteristics.
All the data were given a graphical representation using origin software.
All XRD data show a single monoclinic phase formation with space group C1m1 with the refined unit cell parameters: a = 5.767 Å, b = 5.7485 Å, and c = 4.102 Å.
Further, apparent crystallite sizes were obtained from linear least square fitting of B cosθ − sinθ data to the Williamson-Hall equation: B cos θ = (Kλ/D) + 2(∆ξ/ξ) sinθ (1) Where Bcosθ represents the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the diffraction peak, which is a measure of the peak broadening.