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Optical data were correlated to engine parameters and exhaust emissions.
All the experimental data were collected using the AVL INDICOM driven by an optical encoder with 0.1 crank angle degree resolution.
BU40 allowed the reduction of smoke at the engine exhaust to zero-like value with a good level of combustion efficiency.
The reduction of pilot-main dwell time increased the OH concentration in the first phase for all the fuels, and increased the difference between them.
This works towards higher NOx liability in agreement with exhaust data.

H2-TPR (Temperature-Programmed reduction) TPR used the GC method with a thermal conductivity detector.
The reduction mixture gases were purified using a 105 deoxidizer and silica gel; flow-rate of the mixture of H2 and N2 was 40ml/min.
In this work, the specific surface area of these carriers forα-Al2O3, cordierite andγ-Al2O3 ,respectively, was ～12m2/g, ～6m2/g,and ～140m2/g.Those data indicated that the surface area of α-Al2O3 was further twice as large as that of cordierite, so the activity of L-S-C-O/α-Al2O3 was better than that of L-S-C-O/cordierite.
Fig.2 The XRD patterns of samples Temperature-programmed Reduction The TPR profiles concerning pure carrier, pure active component and a few kinds of prepared catalysts were given in Fig.3, which showed that a few kinds of pure carrier had not any high reduction peaks suggesting the carrier was unable to be reduced at range of experiment temperature (under 700℃).
Then there was a small reduction peak of carrier γ-Al2O3 at 550℃, probably hydroxyl reduction peak.

It has been reported that even Ni-based contacts formed in the n++ region exhibited a steep reduction of contact resistivity in an annealing temperature range > 900°C.
This reduction cannot be explained by the carbon vacancy induced donor model (Vc model) proposed by Han and his coworkers [Appl.
We speculate that this inconsistency was caused by a misinterpretation of XPS depth profiling data.
Summary Ni-based (TLM) contacts formed in the n++ region exhibited a steep reduction in contact resistivity with annealing at TA > 900°C.
The carbon vacancy induced donor model cannot well explain this reduction.

The ASR data decreased from 1.68 to 0.645Ωcm2 with the increase of steam contents, while steam content had little effect on ASR data in SOFC mode.
Reduction of NiO-YSZ into Ni-YSZ was accomplished in situ. at 850˚C.
It can be seen that ASR data decreased from 1.68 to 0.645Ωcm2 with the increase of steam content from 20% to 80% correspondingly in SOEC mode, while steam content had little effect on ASR data in SOFC mode.
Fig.3(a) showed the microstructure of hydrogen electrodes after reduction.
The ASR data decrease from 1.68 to 0.645Ωcm2 with the increase of steam contents.

sources In this study, a wealth of data (see Table 2) was adopted to estimate the water services for ecosystem and their economic value in Luan river basin.
The data types include meteorological data, soil data, vegetation data, Social public data and other data from publication literatures.
Table 2 Parameters or data adopted in this paper and their sources Data type parameters or data sources Meteorological Data Temperature，Precipitation, Relative humidity, Wind speed, Atmospheric pressure, Sunshine duration, Diffuse Radiation, Vertical and direct radiation China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System Vegetation data leaf area index in initial years, Remote Sensing Image(LANDSAT, MODIS) Vegetation coverage Vegetation type vegetation distribution map Soil data Soil texture feature, Soil volume moisture content Soil survey data, soil database and site investigation Social economic data Timber，Fruit，Aquatic products，Recreation，water supply National economic and social development of statistical yearbook, Water Conservancy statistical yearbook Other data other publication literatures Results and Analyses Magnitude of water direct ecosystem services in Luan River Basin Magnitude of water direct ecosystem services The water direct ecosystem services, which include biomass
So forest ecosystem services of the Luan River Basin are approximately calculated by comparing the area of Luan River basin and Hebei Province according to the data of Hebei Province forestry resources.
The services of water purification, Air purification, Climate regulation and Biodiversity conservation could not be evaluated because of the lack of related data.

The decreasing in strength is defined as the ‘‘Group Effect’’ reduction.
Applied axial load and overall specimen deformation were recorded every second during the test using data logger.
(c) Effect of screw spacing on Multiple Screw (b) Effect of Screw Spacing (a) Effect of Number of Screws Figure 2: Comparison of Data Conclusion The experiment carried out in this study demonstrated that connection strength increase proportionally to the number of screws in connection with no significant group effect reduction although multiple screws were used in connection when the screw spacing more than 3d.
However the connection strength decreased and show some group effect reduction when the screw spacing is less than 3d.
Bhd. for providing the test specimens and Ms Tang Su Yii for test data collection and laboratory work.

High-purity methane is used as the reductant in the reduction stage of CLC while air as the oxidant in oxidation stage.
Data in reduction–oxidation TGA tests is directly obtained as a sample weight evolution as a function of time.
These weight data can be transformed into conversion data by using the following equations [6]: For reduction: (1) For oxidation: (2) Where is the actual mass of sample, is the mass of the sample fully oxidized and the mass of the sample in the reduced form.
Similar steps can be found in the reduction stage of these three curves both in Fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b).
Meanwhile, as the flow rate increases, the end time of both reduction and oxidation stage was brought forward.

Capacitance data pre and post metallization annealing (PMA) at a selected range of temperatures.
The distorted curves in the unannealed C-V data suggest the existence of fixed oxide charge (Qf).
Corresponding behaviour is also observed in the conductance data shown as a function of temperature in Figure 4.
G/ω-V data for the unannealed sample.
The corresponding G/ω data after annealing measured at 1MHz is shown in figure 5.

The efficient reduction of VC-related Z1/2 sites upon thermal treatment is further proven by a significant increase of the minority carrier lifetime from 0.3µs to 1 µs, the upper limit apparently set by epilayer thickness dependent lifetime.
Note a substantial surface recombination effect followed by little changing lifetime distribution throughout the epilayer evidencing the long-range efficiency of the defect reduction method applied.
The lifetime parameters were deduced from the decay transients of the band-edge emission (around 390 nm) from the selected regions of interest (ROI) on the cross-sectional plane using standard imaging spectroscopy procedures to integrate data from spatial, spectral and time domains.
DLTS results demonstrating reduction of the carbon vacancy (VC) concentration to a level below the detection limit (~1011 cm-3) by annealing under C-rich ambient conditions at 1500 °C for 6 hours.
The effective reduction of the VC-related Z1/2 lifetime killer sites upon thermal treatment is confirmed by a significant increase of the minority carrier lifetime from 0.3µs to 1 µs, the upper limit apparently set by geometrical factor, i.e. epilayer thickness dependent lifetime.

At present, there is more storm waterlogging in our urban, one of the main reasons is that there are many disadvantages in rainwater pipe network design, this paper in the pipe network design must be reasonable to determine the ground water runoff coefficient, The ground water time, reduction coefficient, catchment area and position and quantity of gully according to the measured data, and appropriately increasing the recurrence interval according to the actual in engineering, hydraulic calculation as much as possible to select data sets larger diameter, accurate calculation time of flow, to reduce the urban storm waterlogging fundamentally.
If designer select a set of data of smaller diameter corresponding as result, which will cause storm waterlogging easily.
If the design data provided by the construction unit, the designer must be verified, especially terrain, topography, landforms , Ground surface mulch and soil.
These accurate measured data or verify data can provide the basis for the determination of design parameters or important reference: ①runoff coefficient. ②inlet time . ③reduction factor. ④water catchment .
(4)To ensure safety of rainwater transportation, select data groups of larger diameter during hydraulic calculation of rainwater pipes, while ensuring calculation accurate of, These are also important factors to avoid storm waterlogging.