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Comprehensive study of the violin violin should include materials, structures, processes, and playing the violin sound pitch, duration, loudness, timbre impact, i.e., represented by physical quantities on frequency, a time, sound intensity, spectrum (Figure 1).
Also affected the nature of the strings themselves, materials and production processes, such as uniformity of the material and some other factors, the pronunciation will follow change significantly.
Different materials produced by the strings, the violin sounds different.
So, replace the strings of different materials, can change the violin tone.
Pepinsky: Contributions of science to an appreciation of music, Journal of the Franklin Institute, Vol.235 (1943), p.361-392

*aE-mail: daliaadilalalali84@gmail.com, bmaisb58@gmail.com, caljaraah_muhammad@yahoo.com Keywords: brick powder, iron filings, waste materials, concrete mix.
The Materials Cement Iraqi ordinary Portland Cement was used in the preparing of the specimens of this study to avoid the harmful effect of humidity on the cement it was stored in dry place.
Tagnit-Hamou, et G.Ballivy , Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 39(4) (2011) 960- 970
Mahzuz., A.A.M Ahmed. and M.A Yusuf., African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5 (2011) 381-388
Ghernouti, International Conference on Environment Science and Engineering 83(6) (2015).

Different matrix materials were used in corresponding application environments, such as polymer matrix, ceramic matrix and metal base etc.
Among them, polymer-based self-lubricating materials exhibit poor high temperature properties[3], ceramic-based self-lubricating materials have excellent wear resistance and poor toughness and metal-based self-lubricating materials have good impact resistance.
Metallurgical & Materials Transactions A, 2003, 34(10):2043-2052
Journal of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers; (United States), 1994, 50:7(7):571-576
Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance, 2015, 24(1):280-295.

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials. https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057231222805
Journal of Composites Science. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040115
Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology. https://doi.org/10.53293/jasn.2022.4745.1141
Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/169468
Journal of Composites Science, 6(7), 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs6070209.

Also, their band gap and other physical parameters have been influenced by materials and quantum size effects introduced during crystal formation [2].
Also, using a different semiconductor materials as CdMnTe/CdTe and ZnO/ZnMgO MQWs, A.
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 53:143001, 2020
EDP Sciences, 2022
Materials Today: Proceedings 27 (2020): 3101-3107

Optical spectrum analysis of CuInSe2 Materials applied in Solar Cell Xuewen Wang 1, a, Zhouhu Deng 1,b, Yuan Zhang1,c 1 School of information science and technology, Northwest University, Xi’an City, 710127, China a wangxuew@nwu.edu.cn, bdengzh@nwu.edu.cn, czhangyuan@nwu.edu.cn Keywords: Solar Cell, CuInSe2, microstructure, absorptivity Abstract: Since CuInSe2 (commonly called as CIS) materials has become one of most important photovoltaic materials, they are investigated with optical spectroscopies in this paper.
Mathew, Quantitative assessment of optical losses in thin-film CdS/CdTe solar cells[J], Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 96, 2012, Pages 231-237 [4] M.P.
Journal of Crystal Growth, 1997, 179: 503
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 1994, 32(1): 1-6
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2005, 66(11): 1855-1857

After hundred years of development, the types of piezoelectric materials develop from the original piezoelectric crystal to the piezoelectric ceramics, the piezoelectric polymer, the piezoelectric composite material and piezoelectric alloys and other materials.
But piezoelectric ceramic materials belongs to brittle material, it will be broken when the piezoelectric materials are closed to the pavement, so we should consider the mechanical characteristics of piezoelectric materials; moreover, pavement will stand axle load for millions of times and even hundreds of millions of times in design working life, too much stress can cause fatigue damage of piezoelectric materials, therefore, not only the theoretical data, but also the material characterization and the coupling of the material characterization and the pavement should be taken in consideration to judge the position of the piezoelectric materials.
[J] Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2011,(3)：342-347
ICAT,Materials Research Institute,Pennsylvania State University,University Park,PA 16802,U.S.A Japanese Journal of Applied PhysicsVol. 43, No. 9A, 2004, pp. 6178–6183#2004 The Japan Society of Applied Physics
Highway traffic science and technology.2011(06)

The composite material of foam aluminum-polyurethane is a kind of high efficient and economical composite materials.
Therefore a lot of manpower, materials and money will be saved by computer simulation technology.
When the impact energy was much high, the stress was cumulated at the bottom of composite material, a large scope of bending deformation was occurred on composite materials.
References [1] Peng Xu, Jinbiao Fan, Jing Zu: North University of China journal (2004).
Materials Science and Engineering. (2002) [8] Haibin Wang: Dissertation for the degree of M.A.

For example, hybrid membranes able to combine the properties of different materials are proposed.
Interesting results were achieved also using zeolites [[] Caro J., Noack M., Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 115, (2008), p.215 ], synthesized by in-situ crystallization on different supports, and with silica doped membranes [[] Xomeritakis G., Tsai C.Y., Jiang Y.B., Brinker C.J., Journal of Membrane Science 341 (2009), p.30 ].
Today, new hybrid membranes able to combine the properties of different materials are proposed.
Koros et al. [[] Zimmerman C.M., Singh A., Koros W.J., Journal of Membrane Science, 137, (1997), p.145 , [] Mahajan R., Koros W.J., Industrial Engineering and Chemistry Research, 39, (2000), p.2692 ] proposed some criteria for material selection and preparation protocols in order to match the necessary transport characteristics of materials to prepare high performance mixed matrix membranes for CO2 capture.
-J, Pinnau I., Guiver M.D., Journal of Membrane Science 314 (2008) p.123 ]) and offer properties mitigated between the two material categories.

Rhee: Encyclopedia of Composite Materials and Components (M.
Messing, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 9, (1997) 53-64 [11] S.
Vdovic, Materials Science and Engineering B52 (1998) 145-153
Gill, Journal of Crystal Growth 140 (1994) 315-326
Warrier, International Journal of Inorganic Materials 3 (2001) 693-698