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It is known that the failure waves propagation always depends on the stress state in the materials.
The failure waves and spallations in homogeneous brittle materials.
Journal de Physique IV. 1991, 1(C3), p. 639
Compressive failure of brittle materials under shock wave loading.
Journal of Applied Physics. 2000, 87(4), p. 1693

*aE-mail: daliaadilalalali84@gmail.com, bmaisb58@gmail.com, caljaraah_muhammad@yahoo.com Keywords: brick powder, iron filings, waste materials, concrete mix.
The Materials Cement Iraqi ordinary Portland Cement was used in the preparing of the specimens of this study to avoid the harmful effect of humidity on the cement it was stored in dry place.
Tagnit-Hamou, et G.Ballivy , Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 39(4) (2011) 960- 970
Mahzuz., A.A.M Ahmed. and M.A Yusuf., African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5 (2011) 381-388
Ghernouti, International Conference on Environment Science and Engineering 83(6) (2015).

Researchers are fabricating composite materials using various filler materials to describe the wear performance of the composite, used as a machine component in industrial applications.
Composite materials show an excellent strength and less weight compared to existing materials in industrial applications whereas wear is an important property of the machine components.
Figure 3 shows the pull out and poor bonding of the glass fibers without any addition of filler materials.
Nallusamy and Saurabh Kumar, (2016), “Efficiency and lifespan enhancement of product with dissimilar material using different techniques”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 9(16), pp. 1-5 [18] Manjunatha, Niranjan and Satyanarayana, (2015), “Effect of mechanical and thermal loading on boron carbide particles reinforced Al-6061 alloy”, Materials Science and Engineering, Vol.
filled glass epoxy composites”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3(7), pp. 14331-14338 [28] Kaundal R, Patnaik A and Satapathy A, (2012), “Effect of SiC particulate on short glass fiber reinforced polyester composite in erosive wear environment”, Walailak Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 9, pp. 49-64

[7] G.S Upadhyaya, Material Science of Cemented carbide-an overview, Material and Design 22 2001 483-489
Mahdavinejad, ED machining of WC–Co, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 162–163 2005 637–643
Tsai, Micro-hole machining of carbide by electrical discharge machining, Journals of Materials Processing Technology 87 1999 139–145
Husain, Machining of cemented tungsten carbide using EDM, journal of applied sciences 11(10) 2011 1784-1790
Lal, Grinding of cemented carbide with electrical spark assistance, Journal of materials processing technology 72 1997 61-68

Experimental design The polymer modified cement concrete (abbreviated as PMC) is composed of cementing materials including polymer and cement.
Taking this into consideration, first we select host materials and modified materials composing PMC to try mixing traces of samples and then screen among them.
Acknowledgements This work was partly supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 50809079) and Science & Technology Project of Chongqing Educational Committee (Grants No.
References [1] Lingfeng He and Jun Liu: Acousto-elastic technique(Science Press, Beijing 2002), In Chinese
[2] Zehua Shi and Haiming Zhou: Journal of HoHai University Vol. 18(1990), p.69-75,In Chinese

Research on the Simulation of Friction Material Surface Topography Run Bo Ma 1,a, Shi Meng Xu 1 and Jian Hua Du 2 1Section of Mathematics, Academy of Armored Force Engineering, Beijing 100072, P.R.China 2Department of Equipment maintenance and Remanufacturing, Academy of Armored Force Engineering, Beijing 100072,P.R.China a13810470589@139.com Key words: composite materials; fractal interpolation; asperity; non-parametric hypothesis test Abstract.
Through analysis and research on the surface topography of reinforced copper matrix composite materials, taking advantage of fractal statistical method to discuss distribution law about characteristics parameter which symbolizes the asperity, combining Monte-Carlo method with fractal theory to set up mathematics model of characteristics parameter which symbolizes size of asperity , talking about the construction of iterated function system in fractal interpolated theory, a easy realizable friction materials surface topography simulation algorithm was put forward.
Let friction material plane is a square with bound length L, noting and as maximum diameter and minimum diameter respectively, and is number of asperity.
In conclusion, friction material surface topography simulation map was given in figure 1.
Journal of Tribology (ASME), 1991, 113: 1–11

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China a. qingsuoliu@eyou.com c. 280224734@qq.com Keyword: NiTi SMA thin film; PZT; Damping; response frequency characteristic Abstract: The materials deposited NiTi SMA Thin Film on PZT Substrate is prepared by using the magnetron sputtering method and crystallizing at 600℃.
Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 6 (1): 62-70
Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 31(9):58-60.
Mechanical and dielectric loss related to ferroelectric and relaxer phase transitions and domain walls, Chinese Journal Of Materials Research, 8(1):2-10.
Preparation and characterization of the ferroelectric-ferroelastic PZT-NiTi multilayer films, Journal of Functional Materials and Devices, 1999, 5(4):255-261.

Integrated Phase-Field and Machine Learning Study of Microstructure Evolution During Interface-Controlled Spinodal Decomposition Owais Ahmad∗†a, Rakesh Maurya†b, Rajdip Mukherjeec, Somnath Bhowmickd Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India a*owaisah@iitk.ac.in, brakeshm22@iitk.ac.in, crajdipm@iitk.ac.in, dbsomnath@iitk.ac.in Keywords: Phase-field Model, interface mobility, machine learning, autoencoder, ConvLSTM, microstructure, spinodal decomposition.
This study leverages artificial intelligence (AI) to advance materials science, focusing on microstructural evolution in binary alloys during spinodal decomposition.
The innovative use of an Autoencoder- ConvLSTM model enables precise, low-error microstructural transformation predictions, demonstrating AI’s potential in materials science research.
Materials science is no exception to this trend, with a burgeoning research focus on employing AI for accelerated discoveries.
Hilliard, “Free energy of a nonuniform system. i. interfacial free energy,” The Journal of chemical physics, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 258–267, 1958

Tang., "Optimizing the hot-forging process parameters for connecting rods made of PM titanium alloy," Journal of Materials Science, 47 (2012) 3837-3848
Kopp., "Densification of sintered molybdenum during hot upsetting: experiments and modelling," Materials Science and Engineering: A, 264 (1999) 17-25
Yang, "Densification behaviour of titanium alloy powder during hot pressing," Materials Science and Engineering: A, 313 (2001) 46-52
Thomas, "A new yield function for compressible P/M materials," International Journal of Mechanical Science, 26 (1984) 527-535
Tvergaard, "On localization in ductile materials containing spherical voids," International Journal of Fracture, 18 (1982) 237-252

Numerical computation of complex stress intensity factors of interface cracks in bi-materials based on photoelastic theory Pengcheng Li1,a and Bangcheng Yang1,b 1Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China alipengcheng@kmust.edu.cn, byangbc5@163.com Keywords: complex stress intensity factor; interface crack; bi-materials; K domain; photoelastic isochromatic fringe.
In 2001 and 2012，Christina Bjerken et al.[4] and Nao-Aki Noda et al.[5] have been calculated stress intensity factors for interface cracks in bi-materials by FEM.
In this research, we made photoelastic model with an interface crack in bi-materials by epoxy material and have carried out the photoelastic experiments.
Substituting ψ into the following equations and adding a non-singular items σ0, (2) We get (3) (4) (5) In which (6) (7) In the above formulas, G1 and G2 are the shear modulus of elasticity of the two materials; μ1 and μ2 are the Poisson's ratio of the two materials.
Last, we have made into the photoelastic specimen of the bi-materials with the interface crack by the slicing, grinding and other processes.