Search results

The investigation leads to a reduction of the process forces by minimizing the springback and to an extension of the forming limits.
The use of lightweight constructions leads, e.g. in the automotive industry, to a reduction of fuel consumption.
It leads to a significant extension of the forming limits and a reduction of springback effects [6].
The flow curve of the blank is determined by fitting data from the tensile test.
Achimas, Springback Reduction for V Bended Parts through Elastic Pads, International ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming (2005), 497-502

The reported data were means of three separated experiments
The CV of Ti-GO shows the reduction peak at -0.83 V (Fig. 4b).
The cathodic (reduction) potential (-0.45 V vs.
Data are mean ± standard error of means (N=3).
/cc) were suspended in the PBS for immediate CV measurements (data not shown) of bare Ti-GO and ATi-GO (without living bacteria).

Data obtained from the FE model included die-work piece contact pressure, effective stress and strain and material deformation velocity.
The correlation between the calculated and FEA data was obtained in this research.
Also the stress-strain data can be plotted [8].
The peak temperature occurs at the surface of the work piece because of plastic deformation and frictional heating; also it is immediately after the radial reduction zone of the die.
That is because; (1) The material that is heated by dissipative processes in the reduction zone will cool by conduction as the material progresses through the post-reduction zone. (2) Frictional heating is largest in the reduction zone because of the larger values of shear stress in that zone.

The data collection is to recognize and calculate the performance of FR.
The required weather data are maximum wind velocity and temperature.
Tolerance calculation Average Avg. error Result Temperature (°C) 27.95 7% 27.95 ± 7% Wind velocity (m/s) 4.63 43% 4.63 ± 43% Data Averaging and Tolerance Data averaging is variable in calculating the spin ratio and other FR calculations after collecting the wind velocity and temperature data.
The calculation will combine all the weather data from any station.
Moreover, the tolerance calculation estimates the error of the weather data.

The main factor of plasticity for optimal warm temperature selection from examined temperature interval is value of reduction of area that was determined by tensile test.
On the basis of thermal course of plasticity characteristics (reduction of area Z, ductility A) we are able to observe reduction of area decline at the temperature 750 °C.
Fig. 3 Courses of graphic relations of parameters resulted from the tensile test For the purpose of optimal warm temperature selection from examined temperature interval the crucial indicator of steel 16MnCr5 plasticity is value of reduction of area Z.
As reduction of area Z achieves its maximum value at the temperature 700 °C, the same will be recommended as optimal temperature of steel 16MnCr5 for warm forming.
For starting a simulation of spur gear it is necessary to properly define the input data – these data were determined as follows: · process - closed die forging · material of billet DIN 17210 (1.7131) · material of the tool ASTM A 681 (H13) · temperature of billet 700 °C · temperature of the tool 250 °C Fig. 4 Closed die model and correct material flow in closed die cavity Computer simulation results of warm forging at the recommended temperature 700 °C describes fig. 4. where it is possible to see correct plastic flow and flawless filling of closed die cavity.

The crystalline phases were identified by the JCPDS data bank.
Fig. 1 shows the XRD patterns of samples prepared at reduction temperatures of 45 °C and 50 °C respectively.
These peaks, according to JCPDS data bank (06-0344), are the fingerprints of CuCl.
At the reduction temperature of 50 °C, the prepared CuCl powder starts to sinter (Fig. 2b). 
When the reduction temperature is increased, the surface area and pore volumes become smaller.

When the concentrate is enriched up to 65 % Fe, pellet reduction can reach 95 %.
The degree of reduction and metallization of the pellets was calculated (Fig. 8).
The figure shows that increase in basicity did not affect the reduction ability of the pellets.
The degree of metallization during gas reduction was significantly higher than during reduction with a solid reducing agent.
According to the obtained data on the composition of cast iron and slag, the degree of vanadium extraction in cast iron was calculated.

The investigation is conducted on the Ordzhonikidzevsky mining and processing enterprise (MPE) for the reported data for 2014-2015.
The actual cost of 1 ton of manganese ore in the reporting period was increased by almost 5% due to the reduction of ore production.
According to the enterprise’s data, conditionally fixed costs in the total costs for mining of overburden by the bucket wheel complexes are 60-70%, ore extraction are 33-38%, production of concentrate are 46-50%.
According to the data for December 2015, the coefficient Kc.l of coincidence of production volumes, which are smaller volumes of shipment, is equal to 0,36, the coefficient Kc.m of the coincidence of volumes of production, which are larger volumes of shipment is 1,27.
As a result of data analysis in June 2015, the coefficients of the coincidence of production volumes were set as following Kc.l=0,42, Kc.m=1,43.

To learn about the zero shear viscosity of PCS, the averaging data was obtained based on the transient test data to compliment the steady test data because a long delay time during the steady test affected the zero shear viscosity [6].Even though the normative rheological processes were modeled, the data of dynamic time sweep test method were shown the dissatisfactory repeatability due to temperature change [7].
The data repeatability was examined and referenced to standard of the test reliability.
The shear stress data were automatically recorded by TA Orchestrator, and the axial force data were manually obtained through the screen reading once every 30 s.
The data in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 confirmed the influences from changing temperature.
Thirdly, the shear stress and axial force data became smoother in Fig. 5a~c.

These three temperatures in the previous section are theoretical data of the maximum adiabatic temperature of hydration heat in concrete mix proportion.
Table 2 Theoretical calculated data of hydration heat of different ages in sample 2 age[d] 3 7 14 28 0.68 0.66 0.49 0.20 [] 27.57 39.13 42.88 43.14 [] 33.75 40.83 36.01 23.63 [] 21.75 28.14 25.45 18.51 As is shown in Table 2, based on the theoretical calculated data of hydration heat at different ages in sample 2, the maximum temperature difference between the maximum temperature and the surface temperature is 12.69˚C, no more than 25˚C.
Then 200-hour temperature data were collected and analyzed with a JTRG-II model temperature collecting system.
Temperature data were collected for 680 hours successively.
Layout drawing of temperature-measuring point Based on the temperature data obtained on the locale, it is estimated that the maximum temperature rise is 40.1˚C, which is close to the theoretical calculated data of hydration heat 40.83˚C.