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Faridmehr et. al [1] investigated the relationship between the true stress and engineering stress of metals using standard uniaxial tensile test.
It was concluded that the true stress is 15% higher than the engineering stress and the true strain is 1.5% lower than the engineering strain.
Azimi, Correlation between engineering stress-strain curve and true stress-strain curve, American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2 (2014) 53-59.
Series: Materials Science and Engineering 430 (2018) 012015.
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering (IJME) 4, no. 5 (2015): 1-8

Journal of King SaudUniversity-Engineering Sciences, 28(2), 222-229
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 11(4), 38-44
International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture, 6(3), 176-186
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D, 102(2), 345-354
International journal of engineering science and technology, 4(3), 1190-1198

Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford, CA, USA, 2009
Porter, An Overview of PEER’s Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering Methodology, Proceedings of Ninth International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering: ICASP9, SF, CA, USA, 2003, [6] EN 1993-1-1 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures.
OpenSees: Open system for earthquake engineering simulation, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2006
Cornell, Incremental dynamic analysis, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 31(3):491–514, 2001
Varum, Seismic risk assessment for mainland Portugal”, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 13:429–457, 2015

This standard is based on Engineering Mechanics, structure tests and engineering experience, and enriched and completed due to the continuous accumulation of structure tests and engineering experience.
Engineering structures, 2000, 22(10): 1339-1349
Engineering Structures, 2003, 25(6): 713-728
Journal of Harbin Architecture and Civil Engineering Institute, 1990, 23(2): 1-9.
Engineering Structures, 2002, 24(4): 501-515

[3] SEAOC, Vision 2000 - A Framework for Performance-based Design, Structural Engineers Association of California, California Office of Emergency Services, California, USA, 1995
[6] Palermo, A, Pampanin, S, Fragiacomo, M, et al., Innovative seismic solutions for multi-storey LVL Timber Buildings, 9th World Conference on Timber Engineering, Portland, Oregon, USA, 2006
[8] Tsai, K-C, Wu, A-C, Wei, C-Y, et al., Welded end-slot connection and debonding layers for buckling-restrained braces, Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 43 (2014): 1785-1807
[11] Clifton, GC, Semi-rigid joints for moment-resisting steel framed seismic-resisting systems. 2005, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland: New Zealand
PEER Ground Motion Database - Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. 2013 [cited 2016; Available from: http://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/

The Model Test Study on Frost Heaving and Melting Sedimentation of Subway Tunnel Construction with Manual Level Freezing Method Zhishu Yao a，Haibing Cai b，and Hua Cheng c College of Civil Eng. and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology，Huainan 232001,China azsyao@aust.edu.cn ，bhaibingcai@163.com，chcheng@aust.edu.cn Key words: manual freezing method, Metro subway tunnel, model test, frost heaving and melting sedimentation.
Such questions have become technical problematic issues which have being concerned by international scholars, engineers and technicians [4].
Engineering design specifications for the freezing pipes are φ108 × 8, a total of 128 pieces.
The frost heaving displacement of the top of the uplink tunnel frost wall maximized as 1.36mm, equivalent to engineering practice 29.92mm.
[4] Zhou.X.M，Wang.M.S，Tang.L.G，et al: Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Vol.25(2003), p676–679. in Chinese [5] Liu.R.F, Zhang Q H, Hu X.D.

These hinder the engineering application of this method.
Vol. 38( 2012), 1-3,In Chinese [4] Quan Feng, Xinhui Xing, Zehua Liu:Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress.
Vol.11(2010), 2613-2618,In Chinese [11] Yuwei Xue, Min Ji, Wenbin Li: Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering.
Vol.44(2010), 2841-2849 [14] Johng-Hwa Ahn, Seung Gu Shin, Seokhwan Hwang: Chemical Engineering Journal .
Vol.40(2006), 2321- 2326 [24] Myoung Joo Lee, Tae Hyeong Kim, Ga Young Yoo: KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering.

Elsevier Geo-Engineering book series volume 5, pp.489
Consulting Boards for Large Civil Engineering Projects.
Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, pp16
Earthquake engineering of tunnels.
Tunnel Engineering Handbook.

Shelar a and Narendra Kumar U. b∗ Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Manufacturing School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India aprashantshelar3231@gmail.com, bu.narendrakumar@vit.ac.in Keywords: natural fibers, product performance, good mechanical properties, reinforcement Abstract.
Srivastava: Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Jute Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites, Industrial Engineering Management Vol. 6 (2017), p. 1­4[22] R.
Rajasekar: Experimental Testing Of Natural Composite Material (Jute Fiber), IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR­JMCE) Vol. 11(2) (2014), p. 1­9 [29] A.
Mache: A Study on the Mechanical Behaviors of Jute­Polyester Compos­ ites, Procedia Engineering Vol. 173 (2016), p. 631­638 [49] M.
Mittal: Analysis of mechanical properties of jute fiber strengthened epoxy/polyester Composites, Engineering Solid Mechanics (2017), p. 103­112 [51] G.

Seismic Testing of a Long-span Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Arch Bridge Weiming Yan1,a, Yong Li1,b, Yanjiang Chen1,c School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100124, Beijing, China a Yanwm@bjut.edu.cn b lyncdw@126.com c cyjrlx@sina.com Keywords: Concrete filled steel tubular arch bridge; Shaking table test; Uniform excitation; Travel wave effect; Dynamic characteristic; Seismic performance.
Bridge Engineering, Vol. 13(2), 173-182. (2008) Hiroshi Kobayashi, Keiichi Tamura and Shunsuke Tanimoto, Hybrid vibration experiments with a bridge foundation system model, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 22(9-12), 11351141
Ozaki, Experimental study of bridge seismic sliding isolation systems, Engineering Structures, Vol. 18(4), 301-310. (1996) E.
-Y., Experimental and theoretical study on softening and pinching effects of bridge column, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 21(1), 75-81. (2001) B.
Shelare, Seismic analysis of concrete filled steel tube composite bow-string arch bridge, Advances in Bridge Engineering, Vol. (3), 241-247. (2006) S.