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It makes the specific characteristics of the material more comprehensive by using human eyesight and the objectivity of spectroscopy [6-8].
It’s a powerful method to understand the spatial distribution and the molecular composition of complex materials [9].
At present, this technology has already been applied in the research of biomedicine, microbiology, forensic science, materials science, nutrition science and so on.
Materials and Methods Materials and Reagents Materials.Shandong Fuji apple, purchased from Carrefour Supermarket.
Martel, C A Friggi: Journal of Chromatography A Vol. 1216(2009), p.3305 [2] Juan He, Changan Kang,Zhengkai Wa,Yuning Yang and Qui Lu:Agrochemicals Vol.46(2007),p.338, In Chinese [3] F.A.Garrido, V.J.L.Martínez,L.T.López,A.S.Cortés and S.I.Martínez:Journal of Chromatography A Vol.1048(2004),p.199 [4] L.Campanella,A.Bonanni,E.Martini,N.Todini and M Tomassetti:Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical Vol.111-112(2005),p.505 [5] Guoliang Qian, Limin Wang, Yunru Wu,Qi Zhang,Qin Sun,Yang Liu and Fengquan Liu:Food Chemistry Vol.117(2009),p.364 [6] Zhongwen Diao, Songcai Wang, Guiqiang Wang, Wei Huang and Weilie Dai: Forensic Science and Technology Vol. 4(2009), p.28, In Chinese [7] Wei Huang, Guiqiang Wang, Xiaojing Xu, Tao Yu, Songcai Wang and Zhongwen Diao: Chinese Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol.4(2008),p.35, In Chinese [8] R.Lobinski, C.Moulinb and R.Ortegac:Biochimie Vol.88(2006),p.1591 [9] Jing Li, Meichao Li and Weimin Mo: Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis (Part B: Chemical Analysis

STRUCTURE OF NATURAL NANO-LAMINAR COMPOSITES: TEM OBSERVATION OF NACRE Taro Sumitomo 1,a, Hideki Kakisawa1,b, Yusuke Owaki2,c, Yutaka Kagawa 2,d 1 National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan 2 Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904 Japan a sumitomo.taro@nims.go.jp, bkakisawa.hideki@nims.go.jp, cowaki@hyper.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp, c kagawa@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp Keywords: nacre, nanograins, biomaterials, nanocomposites Abstract Nacre is a natural composite material making up the inner structure of mollusk shells.
It has been of great interest in materials research due to its mechanical properties far exceeding that of its individual components: well ordered plates of aragonite (a CaCO3 polymorph) within an organic polymer matrix.
Macro and micro-scale deformation of nacre has been well investigated, and mechanisms common to composite materials involving plates and matrix have been observed, such as plate sliding, plate pull-out, crack blunting/deflection, and crack bridging [11-16].
Examples of organic material at the fracture surfaces are marked by arrows.
Nakahara: Venus: The Japanese Journal of Malacology Vol. 38 (1979), p. 205

Kaliskiego 7, 85-791 Bydgoszcz, Poland 2 University of Technology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, al.
Thus, low-pressure plasma applies in variety of fields, and the main purpose is material connection or deliberate modification of material surface properties.
The surfaces of various materials can be modified by plasma technology, giving them properties such as self-cleaning, bioactivation, fireproofing, etc [6,7].
This fact is more comfortable for the modified material.
[3] Domanowski Piotr: Automation of plasma machining in a continuous operation line, Journal of Polish CIMAC 7, 2012

The Polysulfonamide (PSA)- a kind of high-temperature fiber, is developed by Shanghai Textile Science Research Institute and Shanghai Institute of Synthetic Fiber after years of research, which has independent intellectual property rights.
Materials and Methods Test materials.The PSA raw material in this test is short fiber, provided by the Shanghai Institute of Synthetic Fibers.
[2] Jinliang Sun, Weiyuan Lv: Fibers and new materials(2007).
[3] Jianqing Ye, Yuhua Zhang, Jiarong Ren,et al: Journal of Donghua University,Natural Science, Vol.31(2005),p.13-16.
[4] Li Zhang, Yabin Li, Jianzhong Liu: Journal of Tianjin Polytechnic University, Vol.25(2006),p. 17-19.

Hydroxyapatite(HA) is a well known as biocompatible material and has been widely used in the biomedical field, especially in dental and orthopedic surgery
Materials and methods 2.1 Preparation of composite slurry 40 grams of PVA (Hydrolysis degree 99%, and a degree of polymerization of 1700 ± 50) and 72 grams Ca(NO3)2.4H2O were dissolved in 250 ml of distilled water under 95℃ for 3h.
Yang: Journal of materials science Vol. 39 (2004), p. 5669 - 5672
Tanaka: Materials Science Engineering: C Vol. 24(2004), p. 729-735
Shirai: Journal of Applied Polymer Science Vol. 87(2003), p. 1239-1247

Effect of the Linear Electromagnetic Stirring on Microstructure and Properties of Cu-10%Nb Alloys ZHANG Lina, WANG Engangb, ZUO Xiaowei, WANG Wenbin and HE Jicheng Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China azhanglin@epm.neu.edu.cn, begwang@mail.neu.edu.cn Keywords: electromagnetic stirring; Cu-Nb; solidification; conductivity; ultimate tensile strength Abstract.
Introduction Cu-Nb alloys are among novel high strength, high conductive materials with superconductive properties which make them applicable for high magnetic field applications[1].
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [No.50901019], the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [No.N100409009], the Special Research Found for Doctoral Disciplines Program of Chinese Higher Education [No. 2012004211008], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [No.51004038], National High-tech R&D Program of China [No.2007AA03Z519], and the 111 Project (No.B07015).
Manesh: Journal of Alloys and Compounds Vol. 482(2009), p. 526 [2] J.
Verhoeven, et al: Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 15(1980), p. 1449 [3] W.

HVD is composed of a series of separator disks and core disks to which friction-lining materials are bonded.
The core and the separator disks are generally made of steel and the friction material is copper-based materials.
Structurally, the friction-lining material is porous and deformable.
[8] Hu jibin, Peng Zengxiong, Yuan Shihua: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 22 (2009), p. 238
S.: Journal of lubrication Technology, Vol. 100 (1978), p. 12

Materials are considered to be homogeneous in engineering mechanics or Material test.
The shape parameter m is defined as the homogeneous index of the materials.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of P.
Wen, Chinese Journal of Dental Materials and Devices, Vol.16, No.1 (2007), p. 34
Zhang, Journal of Inorganic Materials(In Chinese), Vol.20(2005), p. 459

Journal of physics D: Applied physics. 2002，35：2872-2890
Mechanical science and technology, 2001, 1: 106-107, 109.
ASME Journal of tribology. 1983, 105(3): 598-604
Journal of engineering tribology, 2005, 38(8): 1013-1021
Journal of engineering tribology, 2004, 37: 119-127

In addition, the difference in kinetic energy ΔE before and after the collision is dissipated by the joule effect and at the surface of the ball, but, this energy cannot be diffused entirely in materials considered as an infinite body.
Zulkiflia, Modeling of vial and ball motions for an effective mechanical milling process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 209 (2009) 4312-4319
[11] C.Suryanarayana, Mechanical alloying and milling, Progress in Materials Science. 46 (2001), 1-184
Gaffet, A mathematical and experimental dynamical phase diagram for ball-milled Ni10Zr7 , Journal of Computational Physics. 209 (1994) 351-361
Jones, An introduction to microstructures, processing and design, Engineering Materials 2, Department of Engineering, Cambridge University, 1999.