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Hence, the best threshold can be chosen from the range of gray level using the maximum classes square error thresholding method, with a reduction in computation quantity and effective target segmentation.
Since the above seven invariant moments vary over a large range, the data compression logarithmically shall be conducted for the convenience of comparison. meanwhile, considering the negative invariant moment is likely to appear, the actually-used invariant moment takes the following form: (11) Target recognition based on BP neural network BP（Error Back Propagation）neural network is composed of input layer, hidden layer and output layer.

(2) For the bridge with problems such as cracks, damage, concrete carbonation issues, it is needed to consider its maintenance condition to lower its design load standard appropriately or to judge after reduction.
As for the bridges without design or completion data, the original design load can be valued by usually passed vehicles.

Table 1 Each scheme total cost (million yuan) 　 column From 6m 9m 12m 12m span upper structure 68.45 65.06 74.39 Foundation, caps the ground beam 41.25 31.33 26.44 aggregate 109.7 96.39 100.83 18m span upper structure 66.45 64.55 76.48 Foundation, caps the ground beam 36.03 27.38 23.17 aggregate 102.48 91.93 99.65 24m span upper structure 72.52 70.92 83.12 Foundation, caps the ground beam 37.44 30.16 25.29 aggregate 109.96 101.08 108.41 In the column from of 12 m, the cost of upper structure scheme is always increase but the overall cost of the structure is increase after first reduce.This is due to during the changes in 12 m – 24 m span, the increment of super structure expenses is less than basic cost reduction.
The data in Table 1 were fitted with Excel, span and the cost can be obtained curve shown in Figure 2.

The lattice parameters a of the L12TiAl3 determined for the three alloys after MA, given in Table 1, are in good agreement with literature data [3,6].
The results for the crystallite size and for the internal strain, calculated by the Williamson and Hall method [7], are reported in Table 2 and indicate that for all cases the observed broadening of the diffraction peaks is associated to a reduction in the crystallite size and an accumulation of mechanical strain.

The increase of the UV transmission is mainly attributed to a reduction of Fe3+ and Fe2+ due to carbon crucible melt interaction [6].
From the data recorded in experiments, we can calculate out the UV transmission parameter of JGS-1 quartz glass at 185-260 nm is equal to 87.027% which is close to the technique parameters given by the glass research institute and the result tested by UV spectrometer.

This is confirmed by the growth of angle b1, decrease in the average friction coefficient and reduction in the transverse chip shrinkage.
The analysis of experimental data reflects mainly a qualitative picture of the process of plastic deformation when cutting hard materials in different operational modes.

According to the Lamber-Beer rule, the light absorbance of methyl orange is proportional to its concentration if the liquid layer thickness is constant, so we can calculate the degradation rate according to the reduction of absorbance (or concentration) by the formula.
The analysis of XRD data shows that the synthesized (Ni,Fe)-codoped ZnO powder is of hexagonal wurtzite structure.

The effect of the cure shrinkage can be seen in Fig. 2a-b where central Si beam and the two bimorphs slightly curve downwards due to reduction of the gaps between the comb fingers.
The average temperature of the heater versus time can be calculated from each resistance data points using the aforementioned relationship.

Introduction Bioleaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge as a novel method, be taken seriously increasingly by people, and its basic principle is the use of microbial characteristics, through oxidation, reduction, adsorption, complexation, or dissolved [1], the sludge in some insoluble components from solid leaching liquid, then the sludge dewatering, thus to remove the heavy metals in the sludge purpose [2].At present the bioleaching process is the most extensive application of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, followed by Thiobacillus thiooxidans and iron oxidation of leptospirosis bacteria [3].Thiobacillus thiooxidans and interaction than the single strain removal capacity of more than 10% larger [4] Consideration of training separate species has a long cultivation period, and the strain of dissolved organic matter has some disadvantages such as the sensitivity, the experiment with two sink the pond sludge was the indigenous Thiobacillus enrichment cultivation, experimental training to
Take to the air in Fe2+ it is easy to be oxidized, in order to verify the mixing of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans oxidation and the accuracy of the test data, in the training of mixed bacteria liquid in the process of blank test ( water test, adding separate matrix test ).

Procedures of Protection of Lingnan Ancient Stone Bridges (Homemade) Data Collection Status Survey Status Detection Status Mapping Pathological Changes Analysis Plan Design of Protection and Maintenance of Historic Bridges Design of Clearing Pathological Changes Construction tech- nique research Art Research Materials Research Project Implementation of Protection and Maintenance of Historic Bridges Technical Control Management Project Budget Maintenance After Repair Preliminary Work E V A L U A T I O N E V A L U A T I O N Adaptive Development Strategy Damage (Table 4), foundations’ contain subsidence, washing out, corrosion, hollowing, freezing, inclination and weathering (Table 5) and bridge piers’ cover subsidence, washing out, corrosion, crack, displacement, flaw, inclination, seepage, pulverization, black shell, surface deposition, layer off, salt crystallization,
Water evaporates after the pollution and the weathering, which makes salinity in inner layers of stones accumulate and results in the pulverization and reduction of strength of stones (Picture 6).