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Meanwhile, oxygen adsorption existing in boundaries, make oxygen vacancy in triple boundaries reduction, and content of oxygen is higher than in grains, electron transfer between adsorbed gas and ceramics become chemical bond.
Using the data given in Table 2, we can solve equilibrium constant of every quasi-chemical reaction, obtain equilibrium constant shown in Table 3.

This mechanism includes the reduction of interfacial energy of smaller nanoparticles to form a larger particle [14-16].
Data 56 (2011) 2077-2083

The growing demand of improved performances as well as reduction of fuel consumption and pollution has found in the High Strength Steels (HSS) a great potential for meeting these challenges by reducing the total weight of the car body without compromising its structural performances.
The measured data sets are successively post-processed in order to isolate roughness from waviness and form contributions.

Another possible reason for the reduction of HU are stacking faults, which might increase in number in the high pH samples.
The data for the pH 2.0 CoCu/Cu sample ( dotted line) serve as a reference, since no crystal anisotropy takes place in the magnetic layers.

However, the morphology, some common elements with other ottoman fortification constructions and the historical data appoint the second half of the 15 th century as the most probable construction period.
More precisely, there is a drop of 25% in the maximum value of plastic strain (0.048% compared to 0.065%), while the reduction of the areas presenting plastic strains is about 50%.

There are no collections of useful data for the machine choice as in chemical engineering.
Any grinding machine has its best size-reduction ratio of the feed material and the final product.

A small proportion of conductive carbon black in each formulation results in a significant reduction of the resistivity and thus the increase in the electrical conductivity (Fig. 4 right).
Based on these data an optimization of the heating membrane to the requirements of the application is possible.

The results under 5µsec pulse duration do not contain the fracture data, because of the low capacity of the air gun system.
If the crack velocity is 60 percents of the Rayleigh wave velocity, the reduction of the dynamic stress intensity is around 50 percents of that for a stationary crack.

The hydration products in steam curing was different from autoclaved curing, the former is C-S-H gel, the latter is mainly tobermorite crystal which has a higher degree of compactness than C-S-H gel which is beneficial to the reduction of drying shrinkage. 3.3 Microstructure and phase analysis of the crystallized product of samples Microstructure and phase of the crystallized product of samples have been analyzed for studying the reasons for different performances of the bricks under various curing regimes, and the results shown in Fig. 6 to Fig. 8.
Another energy spectra measured by EDS in the Fig. 8 can be seen that the test results of sample mainly Ca, Si, Al element and calculated the content of elements in the data in Fig. 8, wherein the lime-silica ratio was 0.78 and it was closer to 0.8 which was the lime-silica ratio of tobermorite , so we can judge that the crystalline product is tobermorite.

Diffraction data were collected on a laboratory powder diffractometer (Rigaku PMG-VH) based on the well known Bragg-Brentano geometry, using Cu radiation with a secondary (graphite bentcrystal) analyzer and slits sufficiently narrow (Soller: 2°; Divergence: 1°; Receiving: 0.15 mm; AntiScattering: 1°) to provide a symmetrical line profile for the instrumental peak across the angular range of interest (20÷155° 2θ) [5].
In a recent study on mineral fluorite [11] we have observed a high density of dislocations and a drastic reduction of the domain size down to the nanoscale after extensive b.m..