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Karlson et al. reported that metal oxide particles are cytotoxic when their size decreases [5].
In addition, Tarantola et al. reported that gold nanoparticles show cytotoxicity depending on their shape [6].
Moreover, Watari et al. suggested that even biocompatible materials such as Ti and TiO2 cause cell inflammation when their particle size decreases [7].
El-Sayed, Chem.

Stupp et al designed self-assembling, synthetic substitutes for collagen, which can also act as templates for hydroxyapatite crystallization [20].
M.Belcher et al: Nature Vol.381(1996), p56 [4] P.
Alivisatos et al: Nature Vol.382(1996), p609 [9] C.A.
El Haj: Biomaterials Vol.23(2002), p2119 [17] S.

Requena et al. [7] described that white-rot fungus played an important role in the initial steps of microbial humification by producing an available carbon source for the rest of microorganisms involved in the lignocellulosic material biotransformation.
According to Tuomela et al. [8], this variation clearly showed the evolution of the compost from immaturity towards maturation.
Similar observation was reported by Wei et al. [10] in composting of municipal solid waste.
El Gharous, J.

DuPont Company prepared different thicknesses of the EL-506 flake explosives using PETN as main components and the mixture of rubber and resin as binder, which had been successfully used in the explosive hardening on Hadfiled steel.
Chen Yongfu et al [6,7] prepared SEP-3 rubber sheet explosives using RDX (passivation) as the main explosive charge and the byproduct of the hydrophobic petroleum products as the binder in the 1990s.
In 2002, Sun Yongfeng et al [8] prepared plasticity explosives for the explosive hardening by adding passivant and binder to RDX, AN and DEGN.
AN Erfeng et al [9] proposed a plastic explosive which used the ordinary RDX as the main component and the olefinic polymers as the binder and added dioctyl sebacate, liquid paraffin and inert powder in 2008.

The details were introduced by Yu et al[8].
Soil organic C and N were determined with an Elementary Vario EL Ⅲ elemental analyzer (Elementary Co.
DOC was determined according to Kalbitz et al[9].
However the results of Wang et al[12] suggest that only the initial phases of residue decomposition are affected by residue C/N ratio.

Torregrosa3,i) 1IM2NP (UMR 6242) – Université Paul Cézanne, 13397 MARSEILLE Cedex 20, France 2Department of Physics, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, BEIRUT, Lebanon 3Ion Beam Services, Rue Gaston Imbert Prolongée, 13790 PEYNIER, France. 4CEA LETI/MINATEC, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 GRENOBLE Cedex 9, France 5CEMHTI (UPR 3079), 3A Rue de la Ferolerie, 45071 ORLEANS Cedex 02, France alaurent.ottaviani@im2np.fr, bstephane.biondo@im2np.fr, ckazanmichel78@hotmail.com, dolivier.palais@im2np.fr, ejulian.duchaine@cea.fr, ffrederic.milesi@cea.fr, grachid.daineche@im2np.fr, hblandine.courtois@cnrs-orleans.fr, ifrank.torregrosa@ion-beam-services.fr Keywords: ion implantation – plasma – SiC – Nitrogen – SIMS – RBS/C – Infra Red Reflectivity.
After Al implantations, we observed that a high heating-rate improved the sheet resistance whatever the annealing temperature, and preserved the surface Fig. 1.
Torregrosa, Influence of heating and cooling rates of post-implantation annealing process on Al-implanted 4H-SiC epitaxial samples, Mater.
Chante, Channeling implantations of Al into 6H-SiC, Mater.

[4] Tsai C S, Lin Y, Chen W, et al.
[7] Wan Jinguo, Yang Fan, Li Wenfeng, et al.
Experiment research and mechanical simulation of BRB with double yield points and non-fracture[J]. bulding structure, 2013, 17: 21 [8] Tsai K C, Lai J W, Hwang Y C, et al.
[9] Wilson, E.L.

In the study of the past, A number of mathematical models that involve bridge traverse, trolley travel and payload hoisting or lowering motion have been developed[1~4](Al-Garmiet al,1995;Moustafa and Abo-El-Yazid,1996;Moustafa and Ebied, 1988;and Nalley and Trabia, 2000).These models, however, ignored the flexibility and the weight of the suspension cable.
[2] Al-Garmi, A.Z: Control Engineering Practice, 1995,Vol. 3,No. 9, pp.1277–1284

Li, E.L.
Gong, et al.
Guo, et al.
Tu, et al.

Experimental setup Fig.1 Specimen dimension (Unit: mm) Fig.2 Corrosion acceleration spectrum of specimen The chemical composition of specimen made of AA 6A02 with a single edge notch, is Al, 0.6Si; 0.5Fe; 0.5Cu; 0.3Mn; 0.9Mg, 0.2Zn, 0.15%Ti (in wt.%).
Forged AA 6A02 belong to Al-Mg-Si, and Mg together with Si can produce a strengthening phase Mg2Si, which has a greater solid solubility in aluminum.
Slip Line Fig.6 Morphology of fatigue crack fast Fig.7 Energy spectrum analysis of holes in fracture area fracture plane Table 1 Chemical composition around the holes Chemical Composition Mass Fraction (wt.%) Atomic Fraction Mg 01.23 01.35 Al 93.07 95.18 Si 00.87 00.97 Cr 02.92 01.55 Mn 01.91 00.96 Table 1 shows the chemical composition around the holes, which presents the atoms ratio of element Mg (atomic fraction of 1.35%) and Si (atomic fraction of 0.97%) is less than 2:1.
References [1] Xue Y, El Kadiri H, Horstemeyer MF, Jordon JB, Weiland H: Acta Mater, Vol. 55 (2009) No.2, p.1975-1984