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Most metals including Cu, Al, Ni, Fe, Ti and their alloys can be deposited by cold spraying [2–11], and even cermets [3]or ceramic particles [4]can be embedded into a metal substrate to form a thin layer coating.
There are Cu and Al in the point A B C, which suggests that elements diffusion happened at the Table 2 The Composition (at%) along Interface between the Coating and the Substrate Point Cu Al Fe Ni Cr Ti Mn Si A 3.82 0.46 66.17 10.09 17.33 0.26 1.26 0.61 B 1.36 - 69.09 10.05 17.64 0.34 1.52 - C 0.87 - 69.74 9.95 17.20 0.49 1.75 - D 89.82 7.06 2.57 - 0.55 - - - E 91.00 7.04 1.59 - 0.38 - - - F 91.92 6.80 1.27 - - - - - interface.
TH Van Steenkiste, JR Smith, RE Teets, JJ Molelki, DW Gorkiewicz, RP Tison, DR Marantz, KA Kowalsky, WL Riggs II, PH Zajchowski, B Pilsner, RC McCune, KJ Barnett, Surf Coat Technol. 111 (1999), p. 62 [6] T Stoltenhoff, J Voyer, H Kreye, in: E Lugscheider (Ed.), Tagungsband Conference Proceedings, Essen, Germany, 4-6 March, 2002, International Thermal Spray Conference, 2002, p. 366 [7] D Zhang, PH Shipway, DG McCartney, in: BR Marple, C Moreau (Eds.), Thermal Spray 2003: Advancing the Science and Applying the Technology, Orlando, Florida, USA, 5-8 May, 2003, Proceedings of the 2003 International Thermal Spray Conference, ASM International, OH, 2003, p. 45 [8] DL Gilmore, RC Dykhuizen, RA Neiser, TJ Roemer, MF Smith, J Therm Spray Tech. 8 (1999) p. 576 [9] RC Dykhuizen, MF Smith, J Therm Spray Tech. 7 (1998) , p. 205 [10] TH Van Steenkiste, JR Smith, RE Teets, Surf Coat Technol. 154 (2002), p. 237 [11] CJ Li, WY Li, Surf Coat Technol. 167 (2003), p. 278 [12] RC McCune, WT Donlon, EL

According to Huda et al. [5], the silane coupling agents can minimize the incompability between the polymer matrix and the filler by improving the interaction at the LLDPE/RH interface.
This finding is consistent with the work reported by Shanmugam et al. [6] ,where it is believe that treatments method modified the surface of filler, which resulted in rough surfaces promoting filler matrix interlocking leading to better stress transfer between the matrix and fillers.
Similar finding has been reported by Demir et al. [7], where they speculated that the increase in the modulus is due to the silane treatment that can be attributed to the better disparity in the hydrophobic matrix and also the better filler/matrix adhesion.
EL-Nashar and E.M.

Bennacer2,c 1 LTPMP, USTHB, BP 32 Al Alia, BabEzzouar, Algiers 2 Laboratory L2MGC, University of Cergy Pontoise, F9500 Cergy Pontoise, France a n_mimouni@yahoo.fr, bsalahchikh@yahoo.fr, crachid.bennacer@u-cergy.fr Keywords: Natural convection, elongated cavity, porous medium.
The first to have successfully tested the technical feasibility of solar cooling were Chung et al. [1] and Chinnapa [2].
Chung et al.: Mech.
El Ganaoui and E.

The 1601 cm-1 band is attributed to carboxylic acid functions from the polyamic acid precursor, which has been reported by Yu et al. [3].
The EDX shows that the content of Al in point 2, 3, 4 are all around 13 %, while it is 17.73 %in point 1.
We think that the increase of Al content in point 1 is due to the lost of other light elements by the bipolar pulse aging.
Diel. and El.

Ideally, defective cells or cell strings are identified and rejected during the early stages of a module’s manufacturing process, using, e.g. ultrasonic methods thermal flux, thermography or EL imaging.
Fiala et al., (2013): Study of Hydrogen Production Using Photovoltaic, Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 291-294, p.593 [3] J.
Gasteratos (2013): Fault diagnosis of photovoltaic modules through image processing and Canny edge detection on field thermographic measurements, International Journal of Sustainable Energy, DOI:10.1080/14786451.2013.826223 [4] Thermal imaging guidebook for building and renewable energy applications, FLIR Systems AB (2011), Information on: http://www.flir.com/uploadedFiles/Thermography/MMC/Brochures/ T820325/T820325_APAC.pdf [5] Spagnolo, G.S. et al., (2012) A review of IR thermography applied to PV systems. 11th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering, EEEIC 2012 - Conference Proceedings.
SPIE 8013, Thermosense: Thermal Infrared Applications XXXIII, 80130K (May 10, 2011); doi:10.1117/12.883367 [7] Nuri Gokmen et al., Simple diagnostic approach for determining of faulted PV modules in string based PV arrays, Solar Energy, Volume 86, Issue 11, November 2012, Pages 3364-3377, ISSN 0038-092X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.09.007.

Volume 60, Issue 7, 2011,p. 2673-2677 [4] Madsen C K, Walker J A, Ford J E et al..
El-Agez.

Dyke et al. developed the second generation of benchmark structural control problems for cable-stayed bridges [4].
Three historical earthquake records are considered as ground excitations for numerical simulations of seismic protective systems installed in the bridge: i) 1940 El Centro NS; ii) 1985 Mexico City; and iii) 1999 Turkey Gebze NS.

Table 1, Material parameters of fibres and resin Fibres Resin Material elastic moduli PITCH HM Fibre (Mitsubishi) K63712, 12k PITCH HM Fibre (Toray) CN80, 12k PAN HS Fibre (Toray) T700, 12k Anhydride (Amroy) Hybtonite + AA EL [GPa] 640 840 235 3 GLT [GPa] 20 20 50 1.1 nLT [-] 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.4 Thermal exp. aL [-] -13.8 e-07 -13.8E-07 -3.80E-07 8.1 e-05 Tensile strength [MPa] 2600 2900 4900 79 A four point bending loading were applied for realization of static and fatigue tests.

In a companion paper [Ryan et. al. this conference] we have shown fast room temperature PL maps of whole wafers with a spatial resolution in the region of 200 microns.
Masarotto, El Harrouni, G.

Song et al. [3] reported that Ni-P/TiO2 coating has a better corrosion resistance than Ni-P coating, and the composite coating increases the corrosion resistance of NdFeB magnet markedly.
As shown in Fig. 2, it can be seen that there are Ni, W, P, Al and O elements in prepared Ni-P-W/nano-Al2O3 composite coatings except the inclusions of C and Na elements.
El-Moneim, A.