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Online since: September 2021
Authors: Kok Kuan Ying, Suk Fun Chin, Boon Siong Wee, Eric Kwabena Droepenu
Isotherm model
Parameters
Sorbate solutions on RSH
Sorbate solutions on ACSH
C-ZnO-NPs
U-ZnO-NPs (< 50 nm)
C-ZnO-NPs
U-ZnO-NPs (< 50 nm)
Langmuir
(1qe=1QoK1Ce+1Qo )
Qo [mg/g]
K, [dm3/mg]
R2
0.793
0.498
0.999
0.574
0.438
0.996
0.219
0.238
0.999
0.085
0.107
0.999
Freundlich
(logqe=logKf+1nlogCe)
Kf, [mg/g]
n
R2
3.125
0.840
0.994
3.012
0.808
0.991
2.749
0.790
0.998
2.804
0.801
0.999
Temkin
(qe=BT In AT+BT In Ce)
AT, [dm3/g]
BT
bT
R2
0.822
16.79
150.03
0.992
0.811
16.28
154.76
0.986
0.838
23.75
106.09
0.952
0.896
45.73
55.09
0.892
Equilibrium Studies
The experimental equilibrium sorption data of C-ZnO-NPs and U-ZnO-NPs on RSH and ACSH sorbents have been tested by using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models.
The different parameters and their correlation coefficients (R2) calculated for the experimental data are presented in Table 2.
Kinetic Studies The equilibrium data was analysed using three kinetic models for the purpose of investigating the sorption dynamics controlling the sorption process.
Sing, Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendations 1984), Pure Appl.
Balasubramanian, Removal of Cr (VI) ions by spent tea and coffee dusts: reduction to Cr (III) and biosorption, Ind.
The different parameters and their correlation coefficients (R2) calculated for the experimental data are presented in Table 2.
Kinetic Studies The equilibrium data was analysed using three kinetic models for the purpose of investigating the sorption dynamics controlling the sorption process.
Sing, Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendations 1984), Pure Appl.
Balasubramanian, Removal of Cr (VI) ions by spent tea and coffee dusts: reduction to Cr (III) and biosorption, Ind.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Klaus Funke
In those papers, the 1914 data of Tubandt and Lorenz were essentially reproduced.
A non-trivial result was obtained on the basis of the data published in Refs. [75] to [78].
Data were taken at four temperatures, 160 °C, 200 °C, 240 °C and 300 °C.
High resolution x-ray powder diffraction data were collected at 100 K.
The figure also contains high-temperature data, represented by black boxes.
A non-trivial result was obtained on the basis of the data published in Refs. [75] to [78].
Data were taken at four temperatures, 160 °C, 200 °C, 240 °C and 300 °C.
High resolution x-ray powder diffraction data were collected at 100 K.
The figure also contains high-temperature data, represented by black boxes.
Online since: March 2011
Authors: Stephen E. Saddow, Christopher L. Frewin, Camilla Coletti, N. Schettini, E. Weeber, A. Oliveros, M. Jarosezski
Subsequently, the samples were imaged using a Leica DM IL inverted microscope at different levels of magnification, and the images were manually processed to enhance borders and backgrounds and then automatically processed (thresholding, noise reduction, etc.) and analyzed using ImageJ developed at the National Institutes of Health [21].
More importantly at high magnification it was found that the platelets that adhered to the 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC surfaces had more activation (presence of lamellipodia and filopodia) and presence of clumps than for 3C-SiC and Si. 3C-SiC surfaces showed less aggregation and activation with much more circular shaped platelets that the other surfaces thus indicating an improved hemocompatibility (see fluorescent microscope data in Fig. 2).
Neural cell in vitro biocompatibility data.
More importantly at high magnification it was found that the platelets that adhered to the 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC surfaces had more activation (presence of lamellipodia and filopodia) and presence of clumps than for 3C-SiC and Si. 3C-SiC surfaces showed less aggregation and activation with much more circular shaped platelets that the other surfaces thus indicating an improved hemocompatibility (see fluorescent microscope data in Fig. 2).
Neural cell in vitro biocompatibility data.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Tie Bing Liu, Jian Wei Mao, Gong Nian Xiao, Yin Bang Zhu, Bao Jian Liu
Results and Calculations
Fitting of Photodegradation Data to Dynamic Equation
Photodegradation dynamics in general follow standard kinetics equations, such as the following :
Integration of leads to the formula,
In the formula:Ct refers to the concentration or rate of the photodegrading pesticide at time t.
From Table 1, which shows the data for the recovery of dichlorvos in vegetables, it is evident that the recovery rate of dichlorvos in cabbage was higher than in spinach.
If a lower amount of pesticide is added, the pesticide molecules on the surface of the vegetable will be photodegraded rapidly but the pesticide molecules inside the vegetable will be too few and consequently will result in an overall reduction of the decomposition rate.
From Table 1, which shows the data for the recovery of dichlorvos in vegetables, it is evident that the recovery rate of dichlorvos in cabbage was higher than in spinach.
If a lower amount of pesticide is added, the pesticide molecules on the surface of the vegetable will be photodegraded rapidly but the pesticide molecules inside the vegetable will be too few and consequently will result in an overall reduction of the decomposition rate.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Pey Shey Wu, Yue Hua Jhuo, Yi Hung Lin, Hsiao Ying Chan
They showed that the prediction agreed with the experimental data within 15%.
The difference in Nu data diminishes towards the far field.
The recirculation of warm fluid accounts for a reduction of Nusselt number away from the stagnation zone in Figs. 4-5 for cases with a bare surface.
The difference in Nu data diminishes towards the far field.
The recirculation of warm fluid accounts for a reduction of Nusselt number away from the stagnation zone in Figs. 4-5 for cases with a bare surface.
Characterization of Composite Films from Taro Starch Modified with the Addition of Duck Bone Gelatin
Online since: February 2024
Authors: Trias Ayu Ayu Laksanawati, Muhammad Habbib Khirzin, Maghfirotul Amaniyah, Karina Meidayanti
The data in Table 8 shows that the addition of duck bone gelatin concentration had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the density of the composite film.
The data in Table 8 shows that the average transparency value of the composite film in this study is 0.340–2.636.
The highest reduction in composite film mass in the second stage was at 35% gelatin concentration, which was 48.501%, while the lowest was at 5% gelatin concentration at 37.484%.
The data in Table 8 shows that the average transparency value of the composite film in this study is 0.340–2.636.
The highest reduction in composite film mass in the second stage was at 35% gelatin concentration, which was 48.501%, while the lowest was at 5% gelatin concentration at 37.484%.
Online since: August 2023
Authors: Fulya Kahrıman, Muzaffer Zeren
These cause changes in microstructure so that cold deformation leads to effective strain hardening and reduction of the material plasticity.
The activation energies required for static recrystallization of the alloys were found based on the experimentally obtained data in cold deformed and then annealed alloys.
In order to find the activation energies experimentally, image analysis data were used in the alloys cold deformed and annealed at 375 ºC and 500 ºC.
The activation energies required for static recrystallization of the alloys were found based on the experimentally obtained data in cold deformed and then annealed alloys.
In order to find the activation energies experimentally, image analysis data were used in the alloys cold deformed and annealed at 375 ºC and 500 ºC.
Online since: May 2022
Authors: Gabriela-Victoria Mnerie, Iuliana Duma, Radu Nicolae Popescu
The device, outside the cylindrical area is provided with an upper bottom: spherical, with conical reduction.
Figure 7 – ISIM creep equipment with a max. force of 1800kgf/10kgf at 1800kgf, d=1kgf Figure 8 – Creep specimens Table 7 - Creep test parameters Creep test rods marking Sample size for creep d0 x l0 [mm] Stress force σ0 [Mpa] Temperature T [°C] Test duration Tr [hours] 1 8,0 x 40,0 300 480 2030* 2 8,0 x 40,0 2030* 3 8,0 x 40,0 300 460 2010 4 8,0 x 40,0 2010 5 8,0 x 40,0 255 500 1960 6 8,0 x 40,0 1960 7 8,0 x 40,0 255 480 2120 8 8,0 x 40,0 2120 9 8,0 x 40,0 200 520 1980 10 8,0 x 40,0 1980 11 8,0 x 40,0 200 500 2045 12 8,0 x 40,0 2045 13 8,0 x 40,0 255 540 700 14 8,0 x 40,0 700 15 8,0 x 40,0 300 520 692 16 8,0 x 40,0 692 17 8,0 x 40,0 200 560 452 18 8,0 x 40,0 452 19 8,0 x 40,0 300 560 378 20 8,0 x 40,0 378 * Unbroken test pieces until the end of the program Results Processing The processing of the data resulting from the experimental program was done with the perspective of the effective estimation of the lifetime of the analyzed container.
Table 8 - Experimental results Material: Description 16Mo5 Test Data Test name Temperature [oC] Stress force [MPa] Strain Time [hours] Selected 1 480 300 rupt. 2030 yes 2 480 300 rupt. 2030 yes 7 480 255 rupt. 2120 yes 8 480 255 rupt. 2120 yes 11 500 200 rupt. 2045 yes 5 500 255 rupt. 1960 yes 6 500 255 rupt. 1960 yes 12 500 200 rupt. 2045 yes 9 520 200 rupt. 1980 yes 16 520 300 rupt. 692 yes 15 520 300 rupt. 692 yes 10 520 255 rupt. 1980 yes 14 540 255 rupt. 700 yes 13 540 255 rupt. 700 yes 17 560 200 rupt. 452 yes 19 560 300 rupt. 378 yes 18 560 200 rupt. 452 yes 20 560 300 rupt. 378 yes 3 460 300 rupt. 2010 yes 4 460 300 rupt. 2010 yes tmin=P∙RS∙E-0,6P (4) where: tmin – minimum calculation thickness, [mm]; P – internal pressure, [MPa]; R – minimum inner radius, [mm]; E – joint efficiency (1, conform ASME); S – maximum permissible strain.
Figure 7 – ISIM creep equipment with a max. force of 1800kgf/10kgf at 1800kgf, d=1kgf Figure 8 – Creep specimens Table 7 - Creep test parameters Creep test rods marking Sample size for creep d0 x l0 [mm] Stress force σ0 [Mpa] Temperature T [°C] Test duration Tr [hours] 1 8,0 x 40,0 300 480 2030* 2 8,0 x 40,0 2030* 3 8,0 x 40,0 300 460 2010 4 8,0 x 40,0 2010 5 8,0 x 40,0 255 500 1960 6 8,0 x 40,0 1960 7 8,0 x 40,0 255 480 2120 8 8,0 x 40,0 2120 9 8,0 x 40,0 200 520 1980 10 8,0 x 40,0 1980 11 8,0 x 40,0 200 500 2045 12 8,0 x 40,0 2045 13 8,0 x 40,0 255 540 700 14 8,0 x 40,0 700 15 8,0 x 40,0 300 520 692 16 8,0 x 40,0 692 17 8,0 x 40,0 200 560 452 18 8,0 x 40,0 452 19 8,0 x 40,0 300 560 378 20 8,0 x 40,0 378 * Unbroken test pieces until the end of the program Results Processing The processing of the data resulting from the experimental program was done with the perspective of the effective estimation of the lifetime of the analyzed container.
Table 8 - Experimental results Material: Description 16Mo5 Test Data Test name Temperature [oC] Stress force [MPa] Strain Time [hours] Selected 1 480 300 rupt. 2030 yes 2 480 300 rupt. 2030 yes 7 480 255 rupt. 2120 yes 8 480 255 rupt. 2120 yes 11 500 200 rupt. 2045 yes 5 500 255 rupt. 1960 yes 6 500 255 rupt. 1960 yes 12 500 200 rupt. 2045 yes 9 520 200 rupt. 1980 yes 16 520 300 rupt. 692 yes 15 520 300 rupt. 692 yes 10 520 255 rupt. 1980 yes 14 540 255 rupt. 700 yes 13 540 255 rupt. 700 yes 17 560 200 rupt. 452 yes 19 560 300 rupt. 378 yes 18 560 200 rupt. 452 yes 20 560 300 rupt. 378 yes 3 460 300 rupt. 2010 yes 4 460 300 rupt. 2010 yes tmin=P∙RS∙E-0,6P (4) where: tmin – minimum calculation thickness, [mm]; P – internal pressure, [MPa]; R – minimum inner radius, [mm]; E – joint efficiency (1, conform ASME); S – maximum permissible strain.
Online since: October 2024
Authors: Radu Nicolae Popescu, Matei Marin-Corciu, Emilia-Florina Binchiciu, Lia-Nicoleta Botila, Iuliana Duma, Ion Aurel Perianu
Introduction
The accelerated pace of development of some leading industrial fields requires an increase in the quality and performance of products, simultaneously with the reduction of costs and the economy of resources (materials, energy, etc.).
Data regarding the structure of the FSW and SFSW experimental welding program (materials to be joined, type of joint, welding tool, as well as process parameters used) is presented in Table 1.
BM Fmax =13.830 N Rm BM = 267 N/mm2 FSW / T3.1 Fmax =10.939 N Rm T3.1 = 207 N/mm2 FSW / T3.2 Fmax =10.627 N Rm T3.2 = 200 N/mm2 SFSW / T3.1 Fmax =12.927 N Rm T3.1 = 242 N/mm2 SFSW / T3.2 Fmax =11.399 N Rm T3.2 = 214 N/mm2 Rmaverage = 204N/mm2 (FSW) Rmaverage = 228N/mm2 (SFSW) Fig. 7 Graphs and data related to tensile tests The average value of the tensile strength was Rmaverage FSW = 204 N/mm2 (~76% of RmBM) for the specimens taken from the FSW welded joint (Exp.3.1) and Rmaverage SFSW = 228 N/mm2 (~85% of RmBM) for those related to the SFSW welded joint (Exp.3.1A).
Data regarding the structure of the FSW and SFSW experimental welding program (materials to be joined, type of joint, welding tool, as well as process parameters used) is presented in Table 1.
BM Fmax =13.830 N Rm BM = 267 N/mm2 FSW / T3.1 Fmax =10.939 N Rm T3.1 = 207 N/mm2 FSW / T3.2 Fmax =10.627 N Rm T3.2 = 200 N/mm2 SFSW / T3.1 Fmax =12.927 N Rm T3.1 = 242 N/mm2 SFSW / T3.2 Fmax =11.399 N Rm T3.2 = 214 N/mm2 Rmaverage = 204N/mm2 (FSW) Rmaverage = 228N/mm2 (SFSW) Fig. 7 Graphs and data related to tensile tests The average value of the tensile strength was Rmaverage FSW = 204 N/mm2 (~76% of RmBM) for the specimens taken from the FSW welded joint (Exp.3.1) and Rmaverage SFSW = 228 N/mm2 (~85% of RmBM) for those related to the SFSW welded joint (Exp.3.1A).
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Mostafa Ghiasi, Dariush Semnani, Elham Naghashzargar
According to One sample Kolmogorov-Smirnoe test in SPSS software and related P-value, it is possible to prove that all of data for fiber diameter in 95% significant level are normal and there is a meaningful difference within data in each group.
In addition, the magnitude of reduction or fail mechanical properties in coated sample is suitable to use in final application in comparison by both other samples.
In addition, the magnitude of reduction or fail mechanical properties in coated sample is suitable to use in final application in comparison by both other samples.