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Online since: July 2022
Authors: Eduardo García-Gil, Alberto Murillo-Marrodán, Hamed Aghajani Derazkola
During the seamless tube production, the quality control section of the factory recorded the energy data.
The tube elongation and cross-section reduction starts after contacting the plug and helps to forward-moving the billet.
The collected simulation data made it clear that the total power with increasing friction coefficient grows (Fig. 5c).
Modelling of the cone-type rotary piercing process and analysis of the seamless tube longitudinal shear strain using industrial data.
The tube elongation and cross-section reduction starts after contacting the plug and helps to forward-moving the billet.
The collected simulation data made it clear that the total power with increasing friction coefficient grows (Fig. 5c).
Modelling of the cone-type rotary piercing process and analysis of the seamless tube longitudinal shear strain using industrial data.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Zhe Han, Ying Zhu, Miao Zhang, Su Ping Feng
The data acquisition and processing system is GC-MSD (5972A HP) Chemstation
From the above data, we can see that comparing with the contents of PCBs contained in the sludge of other cities in the Yangtze delta zone, PCBs content is very low in sludge obtained from Bailonggang.
Analysis of related data shows that evaporation is not the main factor that influences the content of PCBs, as the process of evaporation can pose the decrease of chlorinated compounds no matter they contain more chlornate or less chlornate.
It can be explained the reduction of some compounds with more chlorinates using the effect of interception.
From the above data, we can see that comparing with the contents of PCBs contained in the sludge of other cities in the Yangtze delta zone, PCBs content is very low in sludge obtained from Bailonggang.
Analysis of related data shows that evaporation is not the main factor that influences the content of PCBs, as the process of evaporation can pose the decrease of chlorinated compounds no matter they contain more chlornate or less chlornate.
It can be explained the reduction of some compounds with more chlorinates using the effect of interception.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Bao Shan Wang, Min Chen, Na Sui, Yan Liu, Fang Yuan
Data were subjected to a one-way ANOVA using the SAS™ software (SAS Institute Inc 1989) to test for the main effect of breed and for the effects of low temperature within each level of temperature.
The analysis of shoots dry weights was similar to that for the fresh weight (data not shown).
These data reflected that in breed No. 1 the content of unsaturated fatty acids increased, while the content of saturated fatty acids decreased under low temperature stress, in breed No. 2, reverse trend was observed.
The growth inhibition by low temperature possibly caused by reduction of photosynthesis and transpiration [17].
The analysis of shoots dry weights was similar to that for the fresh weight (data not shown).
These data reflected that in breed No. 1 the content of unsaturated fatty acids increased, while the content of saturated fatty acids decreased under low temperature stress, in breed No. 2, reverse trend was observed.
The growth inhibition by low temperature possibly caused by reduction of photosynthesis and transpiration [17].
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Silvio Genna, Fabrizio Memola Capece Minutolo, Antonello Astarita, Valentino Paradiso, Antonino Squillace, Claudio Leone
Data obtained with 700 V of lamp voltage.
Data obtained in cutting of 2024 T3, 1 mm in thickness.
Results and discussion After a preliminary analysis, all the outliers were removed from the data set.
This explains the increase of Dk and the reduction of u and Ta.
Data obtained in cutting of 2024 T3, 1 mm in thickness.
Results and discussion After a preliminary analysis, all the outliers were removed from the data set.
This explains the increase of Dk and the reduction of u and Ta.
Online since: June 2025
Authors: Sumit Kumar Gupta, Soma Das, Ullas Kumar Agrawal
Introduction
Today’s increased demand for high data, low profile, low loss, and wideband antennas gives meticulous advantages to microstrip patch antennas [1] by having proper design and use of impedance matching techniques.
Further, to improve various qualities of circuits like diversity parameters, channel loss, gain, data rate, and reliability of the system, MIMO systems are relied upon [3].
The PIN diodes are designed in CST Studio Suite using RLC lumped elements by utilizing the data sheet of PIN diode as shown in Figure 5.
Pratap, Mutual Coupling Reduction of Microstrip MIMO Antenna Using Microstrip Resonator, Wirel.
Further, to improve various qualities of circuits like diversity parameters, channel loss, gain, data rate, and reliability of the system, MIMO systems are relied upon [3].
The PIN diodes are designed in CST Studio Suite using RLC lumped elements by utilizing the data sheet of PIN diode as shown in Figure 5.
Pratap, Mutual Coupling Reduction of Microstrip MIMO Antenna Using Microstrip Resonator, Wirel.
Online since: March 2024
Authors: Alemu Gurmessa Gindaba, Sampandam Elangovan, Menberu Mengesha Woldemariam, Senbeto Kena Etana
Adsorption Thermodynamics
Adsorption is a self-generated procedure, consequently, behaved by a reduction in the amount of free energy in the system.
Data availability statement: The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.
Tiwari, Recent developments in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy thin films for data storage applications, Vacuum. 146 (2017) 329–341
Data availability statement: The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.
Tiwari, Recent developments in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy thin films for data storage applications, Vacuum. 146 (2017) 329–341
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Bernd-Arno Behrens, Julian Knigge, Thomas Hagen, Andreas Klassen, Jens Mielke, Insa Pfeiffer
Table 1: Test materials for forging tests
Material name EN AW / DIN
Alloy
Comment
Material condition:
2017A / 3.1325
AlCu4MgSi (A) (former AlCuMg1)
thermosetting
T4 EN 573-3
5083 / 3.3547
AlMg4.5Mn0.7
self-hardening
H112 EN 755-1,2,3
5754 / 3.3535
AlMg3
self-hardening
H111 EN 573-1,2,3
6082 / 3.2315
AlSi1MgMn
thermosetting
T6 EN 573-3
7075 / 3.4365
AlZn5.5MgCu (former AlZnMgCu1.5)
thermosetting
T6 EN 573-3
T4-Solution heat treatment and natural ageing according to DIN EN 515/ DIN 29850
T6-Solution heat treatment and artificial ageing according to DIN EN 515/ DIN 29850
To characterise the mechanical properties of the test materials the following tests were carried out:
· Tensile tests
· Notched-bar impact test
· Cylinder compression tests for flow curve determination
· Ball indentation test (Hardness Brinell) test
The material parameters of the tensile tests as well as the flow curves were implemented into the used FEA-programs to acquire representable material data.
But, the tensile test samples of AlZn5.5MgCu showed nearly no reduction in area and therefore tend to extreme brittleness.
Fig. 6: Stress-strain curves of test materials obtained by tensile tests Table 2: Characteristic test material parameters obtained by tensile tests Material name EN AW / DIN Yield stress R p0,2 [Mpa] Tensile strength R m [Mpa] Breaking elongation A [%] Reduction of area Z [%] 7075 / 3.4365 607.6 657 10.1 - 2017A / 3.1325 375.2 504 14.7 - 6082 / 3.2315 315 348 15.3 44 5083 / 3.3547 182 333 24.8 44 5754 / 3.3535 99.2 237 31.1 58 Determination of flow curves by means of a cylinder compression test TU = 20 °C Strain rate = 1 s-1 800 EN AW-7075 700 600 EN AW-2017A 500 EN AW-5083 400 EN AW-6082 EN AW-5754 300 200 100 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 True strain f 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Flow stress kf [MPa] Flow curves are essential to characterise the plastic material behaviour and give the coherence between flow stress kf and true strain f.
The material data were not available in the database of the FE-software, so that material characterisations were also performed to obtain flow curves and further material properties for the simulation.
In the following example, the flow curve data of the aluminium alloy AW-EN 5083 at ambient temperature were used to generate a .mat-file for the use in the model.
But, the tensile test samples of AlZn5.5MgCu showed nearly no reduction in area and therefore tend to extreme brittleness.
Fig. 6: Stress-strain curves of test materials obtained by tensile tests Table 2: Characteristic test material parameters obtained by tensile tests Material name EN AW / DIN Yield stress R p0,2 [Mpa] Tensile strength R m [Mpa] Breaking elongation A [%] Reduction of area Z [%] 7075 / 3.4365 607.6 657 10.1 - 2017A / 3.1325 375.2 504 14.7 - 6082 / 3.2315 315 348 15.3 44 5083 / 3.3547 182 333 24.8 44 5754 / 3.3535 99.2 237 31.1 58 Determination of flow curves by means of a cylinder compression test TU = 20 °C Strain rate = 1 s-1 800 EN AW-7075 700 600 EN AW-2017A 500 EN AW-5083 400 EN AW-6082 EN AW-5754 300 200 100 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 True strain f 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Flow stress kf [MPa] Flow curves are essential to characterise the plastic material behaviour and give the coherence between flow stress kf and true strain f.
The material data were not available in the database of the FE-software, so that material characterisations were also performed to obtain flow curves and further material properties for the simulation.
In the following example, the flow curve data of the aluminium alloy AW-EN 5083 at ambient temperature were used to generate a .mat-file for the use in the model.
Online since: April 2019
Authors: Sara Biscaia, Margarida C. Franco, Fernando Brites, Artur Mateus, João F. Horta, Florindo Gaspar, Cândida Malça
The elastic modulus was obtained for all the specimens using the first 5 to 80 collected stress-strain data points, given that in the initial phase of the process the grips may not be properly adjusted to the sample resulting in a deviation of the initial measurements.
HDPE, PP and CPC materials density results Polymer matrix Material Cork (wt.%) Coupling agent (wt.%) Density(g/) PP 0 0 0.905(*) CPC1 15 2 0.66 ± 0.132 CPC2 30 2 0.53 ± 0.067 PP CPC3 15 5 0.65 ± 0.121 CPC4 30 5 0.59 ± 0.086 CPC5 15 8 0.65 ± 0.06 CPC6 30 8 0.61 ± 0.117 HDPE CPC7 0 15 0 2 0.905(*) 0.59 ± 0.112 CPC8 30 2 0.60 ± 0.096 HDPE CPC9 15 5 0.73 ± 0.230 CPC10 30 5 0.66 ± 0.130 CPC11 15 8 0.66 ± 0.146 CPC12 30 8 0.57 ± 0.171 (*)Density of HDPE and PP withdrawn from the polymer Data Sheet Injection processing Looking at the aesthetic characteristics of the injected composites a more homogeneous distribution of the cork in the CPC with polypropylene polymer matrix can be observed.
An increase of 5 wt.% of cork to the polymer matrix of the PP can cause a reduction of about 50% of the MFI, revealing the tensions that occurred during the extrusion process [2].
• CPC specimens, in general, showed an evident correlation between stress and strain data.
In the case of CPCs with polymeric matrix of PP, in general, with the increase of the cork concentration, a reduction of the tensile strength and a decrease of the deformation were verified.
HDPE, PP and CPC materials density results Polymer matrix Material Cork (wt.%) Coupling agent (wt.%) Density(g/) PP 0 0 0.905(*) CPC1 15 2 0.66 ± 0.132 CPC2 30 2 0.53 ± 0.067 PP CPC3 15 5 0.65 ± 0.121 CPC4 30 5 0.59 ± 0.086 CPC5 15 8 0.65 ± 0.06 CPC6 30 8 0.61 ± 0.117 HDPE CPC7 0 15 0 2 0.905(*) 0.59 ± 0.112 CPC8 30 2 0.60 ± 0.096 HDPE CPC9 15 5 0.73 ± 0.230 CPC10 30 5 0.66 ± 0.130 CPC11 15 8 0.66 ± 0.146 CPC12 30 8 0.57 ± 0.171 (*)Density of HDPE and PP withdrawn from the polymer Data Sheet Injection processing Looking at the aesthetic characteristics of the injected composites a more homogeneous distribution of the cork in the CPC with polypropylene polymer matrix can be observed.
An increase of 5 wt.% of cork to the polymer matrix of the PP can cause a reduction of about 50% of the MFI, revealing the tensions that occurred during the extrusion process [2].
• CPC specimens, in general, showed an evident correlation between stress and strain data.
In the case of CPCs with polymeric matrix of PP, in general, with the increase of the cork concentration, a reduction of the tensile strength and a decrease of the deformation were verified.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: L.K. Singhal
After very heavy cold reduction and strain ageing, this alloy has the distinction of achieving the highest combination of strength and toughness of all materials available currently.
Data Sheet (Grades 204Cu, Biodur 108) [12] W.Schumacher, New Developments in Stainless steel Technology, A.S.M.
,Ohio,1986,107-116 [13] W.G.Renshaw and R.A.Lula, Proc ASTM, vol 56, 1956, 866-889 [14] V.Shankar Rao & L.K,Singhal, Corrosion-The Journal of Science & Engineering, NACE, Aug 2010, Vol.66, No.8,0850041-49 [15] S.Hochstrasser-Kurz, P.Gumpel,Arlt, 6th European Stainless Steel Conference, Helsinki June 2008,Jernkontoret, 81-86 [16] V.Shankar Rao & L.K.Singhal, Stainless Steel World, Vol-21, Jan-Feb 2009, 61-65 [17] A.Condylis, F.Bayon, A.Desestret, Revue de Metallurgie, May 1970, 427-442 [18] M.G.Fontana, Corrosion Engineering, McGraw-Hill,New York, 1986,172 [19] A.Devasenapathi, G.S.Ramakrishna& V.S.Raja, Journal of Materials Science Letters vol 14,1995,1254-55 [20] R.A.Lula, High Manganese High Nitrogen AusteniticSteels ASM Int.1992, 1-12 [21] Nippon Steel Brochure (Grade NAR 200, 201, 202) [22] Kawasaki Steel Brochure (Grade R304Mn, 201, 202) [23] Allegheny Data Sheet (Grades201 HP, 201LN) [24] A.K.Steel Data Sheet (Grade 201) [25] L.K.Singhal, 8th International
Data Sheet (Grades 204Cu, Biodur 108) [12] W.Schumacher, New Developments in Stainless steel Technology, A.S.M.
,Ohio,1986,107-116 [13] W.G.Renshaw and R.A.Lula, Proc ASTM, vol 56, 1956, 866-889 [14] V.Shankar Rao & L.K,Singhal, Corrosion-The Journal of Science & Engineering, NACE, Aug 2010, Vol.66, No.8,0850041-49 [15] S.Hochstrasser-Kurz, P.Gumpel,Arlt, 6th European Stainless Steel Conference, Helsinki June 2008,Jernkontoret, 81-86 [16] V.Shankar Rao & L.K.Singhal, Stainless Steel World, Vol-21, Jan-Feb 2009, 61-65 [17] A.Condylis, F.Bayon, A.Desestret, Revue de Metallurgie, May 1970, 427-442 [18] M.G.Fontana, Corrosion Engineering, McGraw-Hill,New York, 1986,172 [19] A.Devasenapathi, G.S.Ramakrishna& V.S.Raja, Journal of Materials Science Letters vol 14,1995,1254-55 [20] R.A.Lula, High Manganese High Nitrogen AusteniticSteels ASM Int.1992, 1-12 [21] Nippon Steel Brochure (Grade NAR 200, 201, 202) [22] Kawasaki Steel Brochure (Grade R304Mn, 201, 202) [23] Allegheny Data Sheet (Grades201 HP, 201LN) [24] A.K.Steel Data Sheet (Grade 201) [25] L.K.Singhal, 8th International
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Jeffrey Min Hsin Chen, Di Wei
Figure 2 analyses the trends of data.
It is obvious from the above data that China's industrial solid waste treatment capacity has obvious difference from production capacity, the produced industrial solid waste every year has the utilization of only 50%, with about half of the solid waste we cannot use.
From a global perspective, different countries have different methods for the disposal of industrial solid waste, which base on the characteristics of each country and focus on harmlessness, reclamation and reduction.
Another advantage is that, because the specific department and staff in the unified management responsible for the overall monitoring phase and the disposal phase, this method enable researchers to collect and analyze more comprehensive scientific data and then support the scientific research of harmless disposal of solid waste.
It is obvious from the above data that China's industrial solid waste treatment capacity has obvious difference from production capacity, the produced industrial solid waste every year has the utilization of only 50%, with about half of the solid waste we cannot use.
From a global perspective, different countries have different methods for the disposal of industrial solid waste, which base on the characteristics of each country and focus on harmlessness, reclamation and reduction.
Another advantage is that, because the specific department and staff in the unified management responsible for the overall monitoring phase and the disposal phase, this method enable researchers to collect and analyze more comprehensive scientific data and then support the scientific research of harmless disposal of solid waste.