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The research projects carried out [22] show a joining force reduction up to 55 percent compared to conventional processes with equivalent joining point formation.
Based on the numerically determined result data and MoPs for the system influence during clinching, a transfer function can now be derived for each characteristic value.
Conclusion and outlook: The results of the metamodels and the average deviations of the model predictions represent a useful first possibility to determine the variation of the characteristic values in the grinding of the clinch joint by means of data transfer functions.
Consequently, a numerical data set was built up with the simulation model and both angular misalignment variants and evaluated with optiSlang.
KG: ECKOLD Hit Clinchen. http://www.eckold.cz/data/blob/catalog-application_pdf-20100914110346-4295-hcm1000.pdf [21] Universität Paderborn, Laboratorium für Werkstoff- und Fügetechnik: Umformtechnisches Fügen mit hoher Fügeelementgeschwindigkeit und impulsförmig oszillierender Werkzeugbewegung.

For simultaneous reduction of temperature and pressure, of course, the simultaneous rapid heating and an increase in pressure are necessary.
The obtained data make it possible to claim that at a pressure of 10 MPa and a constant temperature of +5ºС, the rate of the process is the highest and amounts to 4 hours.
When comparing the data obtained during previous studies, it is evident that at the same pressures, the decrease in hydrate formation time was by 1.62, 1.53, 1.63 and 1.75 times at P = 4 MPa, P = 6 MPa, P = 8 MPa and P = 10 MPa, respectively.
The analysis of the obtained data shows that the dependence of the complete hydrate accumulation on the time of gas hydrate formation varies according to a polynomial law with an approximation accuracy value of R2 = 0.99 for each curve.
The obtained data prove the fact that the higher the temperature, the greater must be the pressure of hydrate formation, but, the duration of the entire cycle is longer, if the pressure is lower at the same temperature.

Depending on the experimental datas about the parameters of LRB, which were studied by China Academy of Railway Sciences, the value range of the three parameters is set: hardening ratio η∈ (0.08, 0.5), initial shear stiffness K∈ (2.0E+7N/m, 1.0E+08N/m), and yield strength F∈ (1.0E+05N, 5.0E+05N).
Zhuang, Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Lead-rubber Bearing and Its Application for Shock Reduction/Isolation in Bridge Engineering, China Railway Science, 25(4)pp: 138-140, 2004

In addition, the tourmaline minerals could emit far infrared radiation, adjust the pH value and oxidation-reduction potential of waters [2-4], selectively remove heavy metal ions, and improve the quality of water [5, 6].
The datas clearly indicate that, when the solution pH is 2, the MO decoloration ratio can exceed 99% within 20 minutes.

The statistical datum show the total volume density of the precipitations which size is in the range of 0.05~0.2μm are 4.04×104 /mm3, 4.73×104 /mm3, 3.70×104 /mm3, 3.33×104 /mm3, 3.10×104 /mm3 and 1.56×104 /mm3 as the corresponding reheating time is 10 mins, 30 mins, 60 mins, 90 mins, 120 mins and 240 mins at 1523K respectively.
The average grain size of strain-free electrical steels can increase steadily driven by the reduction of the grain boundary area and the corresponding boundary energy during heating processes. 30min 60min 120min 240min (a) Samples with different annealing time at 1523K (b) Samples with different annealing time at 1623K Fig. 6 Microstructures of the quenched samples under different reheating conditions Low slab reheating temperature has attracted much attention in recent years.

In this paper, the combination citric acid leaching and precipitated technique to synthesize and evaluate the characteristic of high purity biogenic amorphous silica powder obtained from RHA in order to add the currently existing data’s on biogenic amorphous silica materials was presented.
By citric acid leaching the silica substance expanded from 94.143 to 97.587 wt %, it implies that the use of citric acid leaching treatment caused the reduction of the overall substance of metal oxide impurities and resulted a high purity of silica.

a b c d Fig. 5 The PSD5042-2P driver for stepper motors (a, b) [5], the DC motor driver electronic diagram (c) and the DC motor driver board (d-left) and auxiliary electronic interface (d-right) [3] Key features of PSD5042-2P drivers are: 24 to 58V DC supply voltage, H-bridge 2 phase bi-polar micro-stepping drive, suitable for 2-phase, 4, 6 and 8 leads step motors, with Nema size 16 to 34, output current selectable from 1.0 ~ 4.2 A peak, current reduction by 50% automatically, when motor standstill mode is enabled, pulse input frequency up to 200 kHz, optically isolated differential TTL inputs for pulse, direction and enable signal inputs, selectable resolutions up to 25000 steps, over voltage, coil to coil and coil to ground short circuit protection [5].
code=K8055 [5] Information on http://www.motionsolution.net/image/data/attachment/PSD5042-2P_R1_1_ 2014.pdf

The emergence of spintronics (spin-based electronics), which exploits electronic charge as well as the spin degree of freedom to store/process data has already seen some of its fundamental results turned into actual devices during the last decade.
Depending on the orientation of these magnets, the current through the stack changes and allows to read the stored data.
GMR allows increased data storage density, and read-head devices for computer disk drives were introduced by IBM, as early as in 1997.
Fig. 5 Spintronics in data storage and information processing.
Literature data [31] shows that the relaxation time can get limited if the values of mobility µ are very low (say, in the range 10-6-10-2 cm2/Vsec), since ts ~ ls2/µ.

Correlated digital data of positron lifetime and Doppler broadening within a coincident time is stored in random access memory, controlled by a personal computer (PC) (Fig. 5).
AMOC data are frequently presented as the time dependent line shape parameter S(t).
However, close inspection of this figure reveals that the data of highly hydrated BPSH are deviated upward from the tendency at low humidities.
To our surprise all the data fall on a single correlation, indicating that the size ratio is crucially associated with the molecular transport in the three membranes.
Zhu, Analysis of positron annihilation lifetime data by a numerical Laplace inversion with the program CONTIN, Nucl.

Moreover, a review of the data of test results are available on riveted steel components on a large scale was presented by Fisher et al . [13].
issues [73, 74], or FRP strengthening [75]; the Fatigue reliability assessment of steel bridge details integrating weigh-in-motion data and probabilistic finite element analysis is described in [76], while the fatigue crack assessment of asphalt concrete pavement on a single span highway bridge subjected to a moving truck is introduced in [77], and the Bridge fatigue reliability assessment using probability density functions of equivalent stress range based on field monitoring data in [68].
Strain-life and crack propagation fatigue data from several Portuguese old metallic riveted bridges.
Bridge fatigue reliability assessment using probability density functions of equivalent stress range based on field monitoring data.
Fatigue reliability assessment of steel bridge details integrating weigh-in-motion data and probabilistic finite element analysis.