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China 4School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412007, P.R.
Introduction Low-density polyethylene film is an important packaging materials because it is nontoxic and inexpensive.
For packaging materials, both high tenacity and barrier property are usually needed for protecting commodities before using.
Experimental Materials Low-density polyethylene resin was purchased from Maoming petroleum ethylene Corporation of China.
Crosby, Designing Bio-Inspired Adhesives for Shear Loading: From Simple Structures to Complex Patterns, Advanced Functional Materials. 22 (2012) 4985-4992

Introduction TiO2 and ZnO are both important functional materials, which have a common application in many areas, such as microwave absorbing and photocatalytic, etc.
Chinese Journal of Catalysis，2003，24(3), 175.
Journal of Applied Physics，2001，90( 11) : 5564
[7] Yang ping，Song Chunfeng，Lu Mengkai，et al．Materials Science and Engineering，2002, 90(2): 99-102
Journal of Rare Earths，2001，17( 4)：242．

Materials Guide, 2016(9):110-114. ]the cracking and low strength of ceramsite foam concrete has been a profound major problem in the foam concrete industry for a long time.
(1)The ratio of raw materials: sludge(10%, 20%, 30%)oil sludge(30%, 40%, 50%) (2)Sintering temperature:(1120, 1160, 1200) (3)Sintering time:(10min, 20min, 30min) 2.4.2.
Journal of Nanchang University (Engineering Science Edition). 2007, 29(2): 175-180
Journal of Nanchang University (Engineering Science Edition). 2007, 29(2): 175-180. ]in which the ceramsite content was 45%, the fly ash content was 15%, 20% and 25% respectively, and the hydrogel ratio was 0.55,0.6 and 0.65 respectively.
Table 2 Base mix ratio of ceramsite foam concrete Raw materials Cement[ Kg] Fly ash [Kg] Ceramsite[ Kg] water[Kg] Foaming agent [L] quality 2.1 0.9 1.9 1.9 2.8 3.

Schumpeter [7] identified five sources of innovation: the introduction of a new good or a new quality of good, the introduction of a new method of production, the opening of a new market, the conquest of a new source of raw materials or half-manufactured goods, and the process of carrying out a reorganization of any industry.
Davila et al. [10] organized reasons why enterprises undertake innovation: · Improved quality · Creation of new markets · Extension of the product range · Reduced labour costs · Improved production processes · Reduced materials · Reduced environmental damage · Replacement of products/services · Reduced energy consumption · Conformance to regulations Modernization, technological and quality upgradation have assumed great significance in the present day’s context.
[31] Cohen, W., Nelson, R.R. and Walsh, J. (2002) ‘Links and Impacts: the Influence of Public Research on Industrial R&D’, Management Science, Vol. 48, pp. 1–23
, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 597–662
[41] Li, J.Z. (2000) ‘The reason and organization of R&D cooperation’, Science Research Management, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 106–112

Inside the porous material, the air flow obeyed the Darcy’s law.
The air flow was assumed to be laminar and isotropic inside the porous material.
Acknowledgement The authors are grateful to the National Science Council of the ROC, for support of this research under grant no.
Kagawa, Study on the basic characteristics of a vortex bearing element, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 64, No. 1-4, p. 1-12 (2013)
Joseph, Boundary conditions at a naturally permeable wall, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 30, No. 1, p. 197-207 (1967).

Assume that the specification and quality characteristics of concrete materials remain unchanged.
Reference to Chen Bin’s program of Zhejiang University [3,4], a model is built and solved combined with the performance and parameter of engineering materials.
The equation is listed as follows: (4) Where, y is the performance of concrete, xi is the amount of raw materials, bi is a certain coefficient.
Journal of hydroelectric Engineering (2003,4),p. 45 (in Chinese) [4] Bin Chen, Fuqiang Li, Guohua Liu et al.
Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), Vol.39(2005,1),p. 16 (in Chinese) [5] JGJ55－2000.

In this method, the pipe elements are regarded as a kind of material with high permeability coefficient and an equivalent hydraulic conductivity is assigned to them.
References [1] Zhu Bofang, The analysis of the effect of drainage holesin the seepage field by means of hybrid elements, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 9 (1982) 32-41
[2] Wang Lei, Liu Zhong, Zhang Youtian, Analysis of seepage field near a drainage-holes curtain, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 4 (1982) 15-20
[9] ChenChongxi, Wan Junwei,A new model of groundwater flowing to horizontal welland the numerical simulation approach, Earth Science——Journal of China University of Geosciences, 27 (2002) 136-139
Journal of Hydrology, 281 (2003) 159-171

SLE is a separation process that involves transferring of soluble materials from solid matrix into the extracting solvent.
The process (SLE) has been an important technique for recovery of bioactive compounds from plant materials.
Materials and Methods Material and Method Chemicals, Reagents and Plant materials Analytical grades of Reagents such as Aluminium chloride, Gallic acid, methanol, Folin-Ciocalteu, Rutin reagent and anhydrous sodium carbonate.
COM=0.304FCI+2.73COL +1.23 (CUT+CWT+CRM) (13) The raw material costs ($1.5/kg) for water, GP chip with its preprocessing cost (material cleaning, peeling and grinding) were used as the cost of raw materials (CRM) in Eq. 13.
Journal of food science and technology 53(12) 2016 4117-4125

The materials of thin films include titanium, aluminum and Ti/Ni multilayer.
It illustrates that the impact load which induces buckling is different for different materials.
Crosby: Fabricating microlens arrays by surface wrinkling [J], Advanced Materials, Vol. 18(2006), p. 3238-3242
Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 68(2008), p.147-155
Journal of the Mechanical and Physics of Solids, Vol. 50 (2002), p. 2355-2377.

SiCp/Al composites (aluminum alloys reinforced with SiC particles) are classified as the typical difficult-to-machine materials by serious tool wear, premature tool failure, surface defects, etc.
Introduction Characterized by the superior properties such as high specific strength, high elastic modulus, high wear resistance and low coefficient of thermal expansion, Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) mainly including SiCp/Al composites become very popular and is replacing more and more traditional materials in aerospace and automotive industries [1,2,3,4].
However, the existence of particle reinforcement phase has great influence on the machinability of MMCs and results in a more complicated mechanics of cutting for MMCs than that for homogeneous materials.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by the National Key Projects of Science and Technology of China (No.2012ZX04003051-3).
Residual stresses in the machined workpiece , Journal of materials processing technology. 152 (2004) 23-34