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Based on Fig. 1, it was evident that the calcined ZnO nanoparticles exhibited the hexagonal wurtzite structure in good agreement with the JCPDS-card number of 36-1451.

The diffraction peaks are indexed according to JCPDS card no. 46-0001.
Therefore, the nuclear barrier was increased greatly, and the number of crystal nucleus was decreased obviously.

A large number of up-to-date chemical methods, e.g., hydrothermal treatment [11], carbonation [12], and precipitation [13], have generated various morphologies of basic magnesium carbonate.
Mitsuhashi et al. [12] have reported a synthesis of basic magnesium carbonate microtubes with a surface structure of “house of cards” structure via adding sodium hydroxide to control pH.
Compared to the standardized data, all of peaks of the XRD patterns in Fig.1 can be readily indexed as a pure monoclinic structure, and the lattice constants a=10.10, b=8.954, c=8.378 Å, and β=113.57o (JCPDS 70-0361).

Crystal Growth 47, 230 (1979) [11] Joint Committiee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) Card number 38-1435 [12] A.I.

From the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) database, individual crystalline phases were identified.
From the PDF card of Mg, we can see that hexagonal Mg (101) plane is the strongest diffraction peak, while the strongest peak is (002) plane in all prepared films, so the (002) plane is in strongly preferred orientation and the film growth is oriented perpendicular to the substrate surface.
When temperature is lower, free energy of critical nucleation declines, number of nuclei formed increases, which helps to form continuous organization of films with small grains; when temperature is higher, larger critical size and higher free energy of nuclei formed are needed, which helps to form bulky island organization of films.

It is also observed that the glassy region is smaller and the number of crystallites is greater than that of the sample shown in Fig. 1.
[8] Powder Diffraction File, Card No. 21-1276, JCPDS, 1992, Swathmore, PA, USA

Numbers of studies both from experimental and theoretical approaches have been suggested the ferromagnetism on transition metal-doped ZnO.
The XRD peaks excellently agree with JCPDS card No. 75-0576.

Wave number/cm-1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 Intensity/a.u. 2Theta/o Fig.2 IR spectrum of the dried Y2O3:Eu3+ precipitate precursor.
After calcined at 850 ºC, XRD pattern of Y2O3:Eu 3+ powder (Fig.2) was identical to the reported pattern of cubic Y2O3 (JCPDS Fig.1 Morphology of the dried Y2O3:Eu 3+ precipitate precursor.
card No. 43.1036).

By comparing the results with standard JCPDS card (PDF ID number 43-1051) of XRD data documents, the sample was a match to VO2 pure phase.

Lanthanum magnesium hexaluminate (LaMgAl11O19, LMA) with its high melting point, high-temperature thermal stability, low thermal conductivity and the plate-like hexagonal crystal morphology has been extensively studied as a potential candidate material for a number of applications in industry, military and scientific research [6,7].
It presents that the diffraction peaks of the powders in the XRD pattern matches well with the standard PDF card of the LaMgAl11O19 [JCPDS 78-1854].