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Online since: February 2011
Authors: Qing Wei Ding, Tian Wei Qian
Detect the residual quantity of Re (Ⅶ) at the first, third, sixth, and seventh day, all the data are listed in tab3.
From the data above, a relationship between the reduction of ReO4- and the initial content can be obtained as followed fig5.
From the data above, another relationship between reaction time and reduction of ReO4- iron can be obtained as fig6: Mark C1(μg) as the initial content of ReO4-, C1(μg) as the residual quantity after 24h reaction time, C2(μg) as the residual quantity after 3×24h reaction time, C3(μg) as the residual quantity after 6×24h reaction time, C4(μg) as the residual quantity after 7×24h reaction time.
Table 4 The results of column text initial content of ReO4-/μg 30 60 90 Without ZVI With ZVI Without ZVI With ZVI Without ZVI With ZVI leaked solution/ml 84.7 78.6 91.2 110.6 118.7 120.2 absorbance/A ∞ 0.807 ∞ 0.943 ∞ 1.092 Residual content/μg 0.35883 0.59 0.74253 Removal rate/% 98.81 99.01 99.17 From the data listed in tab, the final mean removal rate of ReO4- is 99%, as same as the result from batch text, which shows the sound removal effect of ReO4- is very stable.
What’s more, the reduction in pillar text is more efficient within less time.
From the data above, a relationship between the reduction of ReO4- and the initial content can be obtained as followed fig5.
From the data above, another relationship between reaction time and reduction of ReO4- iron can be obtained as fig6: Mark C1(μg) as the initial content of ReO4-, C1(μg) as the residual quantity after 24h reaction time, C2(μg) as the residual quantity after 3×24h reaction time, C3(μg) as the residual quantity after 6×24h reaction time, C4(μg) as the residual quantity after 7×24h reaction time.
Table 4 The results of column text initial content of ReO4-/μg 30 60 90 Without ZVI With ZVI Without ZVI With ZVI Without ZVI With ZVI leaked solution/ml 84.7 78.6 91.2 110.6 118.7 120.2 absorbance/A ∞ 0.807 ∞ 0.943 ∞ 1.092 Residual content/μg 0.35883 0.59 0.74253 Removal rate/% 98.81 99.01 99.17 From the data listed in tab, the final mean removal rate of ReO4- is 99%, as same as the result from batch text, which shows the sound removal effect of ReO4- is very stable.
What’s more, the reduction in pillar text is more efficient within less time.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Rui Gao, Guo Li Zhang, Liang Hui Guo
Test on synthetic data showed that the new approach is simple and effective.
Introduction In mineral exploration, data processing and interpretation of magnetic data, such as reduction to pole, forward modeling and inversion, usually require known magnetization direction.
Synthetic data test is carried out to test the feasibility of the new approach.
Can we estimate total magnetization directions from aeromagnetic data using Helbig’s formulas.
Identifying remanent magnetization effects in magnetic data.
Introduction In mineral exploration, data processing and interpretation of magnetic data, such as reduction to pole, forward modeling and inversion, usually require known magnetization direction.
Synthetic data test is carried out to test the feasibility of the new approach.
Can we estimate total magnetization directions from aeromagnetic data using Helbig’s formulas.
Identifying remanent magnetization effects in magnetic data.
Online since: September 2025
Authors: Andrea Severino, Enzo Fontana, Ruggero Anzalone, Domenica Raciti, Chiara Nania, Fabiana Vento, Cristiano Calabretta
The resulting increase in production volume and cost reduction is expected to drive the widespread adoption of SiC-based power devices in the automotive industry, which is rapidly advancing towards electrification [9].
Bow and warp measurements were conducted using FRT; these parameters after epi are reduced with a typical symmetrical bowl shape reported on all wafers (data not shown).
On the right is the table with data on the characteristics (% of polytype on the Si face and BPD density) of the substrate and epilayer (thickness and average doping, denoted as THK and DOP respectively) of a sample consisting of twelve 200-mm 4H-SiC wafers.
By analyzing the data obtained from the testing of a Power MOSFET of 650V with area of 17mm2, the origin of the failures can be traced, identifying both the specific phase of the process and the tools involved.
Our study shows that these defects contribute to a substantial reduction in total usable area (TUA) compared to standard wafers.
Bow and warp measurements were conducted using FRT; these parameters after epi are reduced with a typical symmetrical bowl shape reported on all wafers (data not shown).
On the right is the table with data on the characteristics (% of polytype on the Si face and BPD density) of the substrate and epilayer (thickness and average doping, denoted as THK and DOP respectively) of a sample consisting of twelve 200-mm 4H-SiC wafers.
By analyzing the data obtained from the testing of a Power MOSFET of 650V with area of 17mm2, the origin of the failures can be traced, identifying both the specific phase of the process and the tools involved.
Our study shows that these defects contribute to a substantial reduction in total usable area (TUA) compared to standard wafers.
Online since: January 2019
Authors: Xian Zheng Gong, Bo Xue Sun, Qing Ding, Ke Wei Lu
The inventory data of the processes of mining, beneficiation, transportation, and smelting were collected and compiled according to the technical framework and principle of LCA regulated by ISO.
Based on the standard framework and basic theory of LCA, original data of tungsten production (including mining, ore dressing, transportation, smelting process, etc.) were collected and compiled.
Most of the data were derived from the annual inspection of China non-ferrous metals industry [10], national statistics [11], China's tungsten industry annual inspection [12], and smelting process manual [13].
The Characterization and Normalization of Inventory Data.
On the basis of the data of life cycle resources consumption and pollutants emission of tungsten production as shown in Table 1, the process based characterization results and normalization results of tungsten production were obtained as shown in Table 2 and Table 3.
Based on the standard framework and basic theory of LCA, original data of tungsten production (including mining, ore dressing, transportation, smelting process, etc.) were collected and compiled.
Most of the data were derived from the annual inspection of China non-ferrous metals industry [10], national statistics [11], China's tungsten industry annual inspection [12], and smelting process manual [13].
The Characterization and Normalization of Inventory Data.
On the basis of the data of life cycle resources consumption and pollutants emission of tungsten production as shown in Table 1, the process based characterization results and normalization results of tungsten production were obtained as shown in Table 2 and Table 3.
Online since: March 2024
Authors: Se Gwon Hong, Gang Guk Kim, Man Hyok Song
The application of the method proves the applicability of the method to study lithofacies using well log data.
Dimensionality reduction based on PCA.
Application We have applied the method to identification of lithofacies of sedimentary rocks using well log data.
Khan, Application of dimensionality reduction technique to improve geo-physical log data classification performance in crystalline rocks, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 133 (2015) 633-645
Velis, Statistical segmentation of geophysical log data, Math Geol 39 (2007) 409–417
Dimensionality reduction based on PCA.
Application We have applied the method to identification of lithofacies of sedimentary rocks using well log data.
Khan, Application of dimensionality reduction technique to improve geo-physical log data classification performance in crystalline rocks, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 133 (2015) 633-645
Velis, Statistical segmentation of geophysical log data, Math Geol 39 (2007) 409–417
Online since: July 2013
Authors: Roberto Capozucca, Vanessa Maccioni
The correlation between response and frequency decrease due to damage for cross section reduction of CFRP cantilever beam elements is analysed.
There are several scientific reports in literature regarding the use of vibration data to locate damage in controlled conditions or in numerical simulations of beams built using homogeneous material [10-14].
The correlation between response and frequency decrease, due to damage for reduction of section of CFRP cantilever beam elements was analysed in the first part of an experimental investigation.
A local damage was then achieved by creating two reductions of section, symmetrically to the beam’s central axis, in order to obtain a decrease of section close to the fixed end, D1.
Aparicio, Structural damage identification from dynamic–test data, J.
There are several scientific reports in literature regarding the use of vibration data to locate damage in controlled conditions or in numerical simulations of beams built using homogeneous material [10-14].
The correlation between response and frequency decrease, due to damage for reduction of section of CFRP cantilever beam elements was analysed in the first part of an experimental investigation.
A local damage was then achieved by creating two reductions of section, symmetrically to the beam’s central axis, in order to obtain a decrease of section close to the fixed end, D1.
Aparicio, Structural damage identification from dynamic–test data, J.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Chi Zhang, Nan Xu
Considering the engineering design margin, noise reduction is amplified relevantly, the actual noise reduction of air outlet is determined as 85 dB(A).
Flow area of the third stage silencer: S3=9×11×2.6×0.145=37.3 m2, air volume measured on site is 169.11 m3/s, so flow velocity of the third stage muffler: Placing whose value is 4.5 into Eq. 9: By the data calculated upon, the regenerative noise is within the target range in the end of noise control, the design is reasonable.
The Calculation of the Total Amount of Noise Reduction.
The values of noise reduction of the muffler and the target values of noise reduction are shown in the Table 5.
Table 5 The Values of Noise Reduction of The Muffler And The Target Values of Noise Reduction Center frequency [Hz] 125 250 500 lK 2K 4K Amount of noise reduction [dB] First stage 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 Second stage 17.5 19.3 17.5 15.1 9.6 6.8 Third stage 11.5 24.3 22.1 18.8 17.7 13.9 Total amount of noise reduction [dB] 33.4 48 44 38.3 31.7 25.1 Minimum value of noise reduction[dB] 25.6 26.5 27.5 20.9 13.5 10.4 According to Table 5, the amount of noise reduction of each center frequency is more than the minimum value of noise reduction, so muffler design can satisfy the requirement of noise reduction.
Flow area of the third stage silencer: S3=9×11×2.6×0.145=37.3 m2, air volume measured on site is 169.11 m3/s, so flow velocity of the third stage muffler: Placing whose value is 4.5 into Eq. 9: By the data calculated upon, the regenerative noise is within the target range in the end of noise control, the design is reasonable.
The Calculation of the Total Amount of Noise Reduction.
The values of noise reduction of the muffler and the target values of noise reduction are shown in the Table 5.
Table 5 The Values of Noise Reduction of The Muffler And The Target Values of Noise Reduction Center frequency [Hz] 125 250 500 lK 2K 4K Amount of noise reduction [dB] First stage 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 Second stage 17.5 19.3 17.5 15.1 9.6 6.8 Third stage 11.5 24.3 22.1 18.8 17.7 13.9 Total amount of noise reduction [dB] 33.4 48 44 38.3 31.7 25.1 Minimum value of noise reduction[dB] 25.6 26.5 27.5 20.9 13.5 10.4 According to Table 5, the amount of noise reduction of each center frequency is more than the minimum value of noise reduction, so muffler design can satisfy the requirement of noise reduction.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Jian Wei Huang
B=constant determined using the time shift of two known curves based on accelerated ageing test, as follows: by simply taking the ratio of the time values required for the specified strength loss from data at two different temperatures, TSFT1−T2 can be obtained, then B value can be solved, after which any TSF for temperature T other than T1 and T2 can be obtained by substituting the temperature T value into the equation with a reference temperature T1 (or T2).
Two sets of aging data on the tensile strength retention of GFRP bars were reported at 20°C and 60 °C, respectively.
For example, for April, it should take 0.27 month at 20°C to give the same reduction under 1 month at 5.7 °C.
Per CSA-S806-02 [11], environmental reduction factor is specified as equal to 0.5, indicating the code gives safe reduction factor for the GFRP design in Ottawa, Ontario Province, Canada.
Current reduction factor in the code shall be safe for majority of concrete applications.
Two sets of aging data on the tensile strength retention of GFRP bars were reported at 20°C and 60 °C, respectively.
For example, for April, it should take 0.27 month at 20°C to give the same reduction under 1 month at 5.7 °C.
Per CSA-S806-02 [11], environmental reduction factor is specified as equal to 0.5, indicating the code gives safe reduction factor for the GFRP design in Ottawa, Ontario Province, Canada.
Current reduction factor in the code shall be safe for majority of concrete applications.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Min Dai, Bin Zhang, Ya Min Tang
Summary of Background Data Kyphoplasty (KP) involves placement of inflatable bone tamp via unilateral and bilateral approaches.
Results Both unilateral and bilateral kyphoplasty resulted in significant pain reduction.
After reduction of the fracture bone, cement is deposited into the cavity created by the IBT to repair the fracture.
The two groups of KP resulted in marked and sustained pain reduction.
Chung et al[8] compared the outcomes of unilateral and bilateral KP and found out that bilateral group had a greater advantage in the reduction of kyphosis and the loss of reduction was less than the unilateral group.
Results Both unilateral and bilateral kyphoplasty resulted in significant pain reduction.
After reduction of the fracture bone, cement is deposited into the cavity created by the IBT to repair the fracture.
The two groups of KP resulted in marked and sustained pain reduction.
Chung et al[8] compared the outcomes of unilateral and bilateral KP and found out that bilateral group had a greater advantage in the reduction of kyphosis and the loss of reduction was less than the unilateral group.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Chao Wang, Jiang Liu, Wei Li, Li Huang
For example, based on the panel data posed by 22 OECD countries, Inmaculade Martinezarzoso[10] found that there is N-shaped relationship between GDP and carbon dioxide emissions.
Empirical Analysis Data Sources This study selected industrial GDP as an indicator to reflect the industrial economy, with per capita industrial wastewater, waste gas and solid waste emissions as the three indicators of reflecting the degree of environmental degradation.
In this study, the timing dimension of data analysis is 1990-2010, and data sources are obtained by Organizing and calculating data from China Statistical Yearbook and Sichuan Statistical Yearbook each year in Table 1.
If the sequence has a non-stationary line, it must be obtained stationary data after difference in order to further conduct cointegration test and impulse response analysis.
Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution: An Empirical Analysis Based on China's Time Series Data (1985~2003) [J].
Empirical Analysis Data Sources This study selected industrial GDP as an indicator to reflect the industrial economy, with per capita industrial wastewater, waste gas and solid waste emissions as the three indicators of reflecting the degree of environmental degradation.
In this study, the timing dimension of data analysis is 1990-2010, and data sources are obtained by Organizing and calculating data from China Statistical Yearbook and Sichuan Statistical Yearbook each year in Table 1.
If the sequence has a non-stationary line, it must be obtained stationary data after difference in order to further conduct cointegration test and impulse response analysis.
Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution: An Empirical Analysis Based on China's Time Series Data (1985~2003) [J].