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Different from bulk, Y2O3 films involve the epitaxial relationship with substrate and the size effects in the vertical axis, which increase the difficulty in phase controlling and optimization of mechanical properties.
And Pei Lei et al. has presented a research work on Y2O3 films deposited at different target condition (metallic, transition and poisoned) controlled by different oxygen flow with their optical and mechanical properties revealed [4].
Modulus and hardness are important factors for coating application.
Also modulus and hardness could reveal intrinsic properties of material and be effected by various factors such as internal stress, phase configuration and grain size.
Gale, Empirical atomic sensitivity factors for quantitative analysis by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, Surface & Interface Analysis, 3 (2004) 211-225

Therefore, it is reasonable factors that the heat input, cooling velocity and temperature gradient to improve the defects of 304 stainless steel serpentine flowing channel industrial condensation board in CO2 laser welding.
However, there have many defects of 304 stainless steel condensation plates during the laser welding process, such as porosity, slag and cracks, which lead to poor joining properties and can not meet the requirements of industrial refrigeration equipment[3,4].
In this paper, we use three different welding technologies to weld 304 (0Cr18Ni9) austenitic stainless steel sheets, and study the microstructure characteristic and mechanical properties of the welding joint.
The welding heat affected zone (HAZ) is very narrow because the source of laser beam is very concentrated.
Therefore, a reasonable welding parameters including the heat input and cooling rate can affect the temperature gradient, which is important factors to improve the welding defects in CO2 laser welding serpentine flow condensation plate.

Such coatings are reported to provide excellent physical and mechanical properties.
EL coatings have unique physiochemical and mechanical properties for which they are being increasingly used.
Generally the concentration of particles codeposited in the EL coatings depends on various factors.
Factors Affecting the EL Coating Process The performance of EL deposits not only depends upon the bath constituents and its chemistry but also govern by various factors such as pH, operating temperature, bath loading factor, etc.
Also, in another study, the factors affecting the deposition rates and the crystallization behavior of amorphous Ni-B EL coatings have been investigated [18,19].

Taking into account that there are much factors affect the performance of pressure hull, and these factors exists some coupling relationship between each other for pressure hull performance, so the orthogonal design method has been used in this paper, which can establish the representative test program.
Therefore, in addition to thickness of the shell, the rib size and distance between the ribs are the factors affecting the structure and properties of the pressure hull.
Analysis of the influence of the pressure hull structural performance Thickness of the shell and the ribs size also has an important influence on the structural performance because they decide the shape of the pressure shell in a great extent，in consideration of the many factors that affect the structural performance of the pressure hull and there is a certain degree of mutual coupling relations between the parameters.
We arrange the test by orthogonal table L9(34) in the analysis process, the factors and levels in the design of the experiments are shown in Table 1, the results and the design of the experiments are shown in Table 2.
The research in this paper can make the designers clearly understand the influence of the various factors on the performance of the pressure hull structure and provides some academic bases and references for the structural designers.

Compared with solid wire, flux cored wire is considered to be a high-performance electrode material which allows solving a wide range of problems in increasing the mechanical properties of a hardfaced layer [4].
Power and arc pressure are the main forming factors in the hardfacing process.
Geometric dimensions of the weld pool are influenced to a varying degree by many technological factors including a rate of shielding gas supply.
It increases the width of the pool and decreases the penetration depth (Fig. 2) so minimizing mixing with the base metal which positively affects the properties of the hardfaced metal.
These factors can limit an exposure time of alloying elements of the wire to high temperature.

The developed compressive stress field is beneficial to improve surface properties such as fatigue, wear, and corrosion.
Various factors that affect the compressive stress of the LSP are tested with a serial experimental using 30CrMnSiNi2A as workpiece.
The pricinpal of LSP Laser-generated shock waves in a confining medium have been used to improve the mechanical properties in the surface region of various metals such as aluminum, steel and copper.
This shock wave is purely mechanical in nature and results in significant changes in the microstructure and properties.
This project selects the high-tensile steel 30CrMnSiNi2 as test specimen to carry on the LSP experiment,and analyzes its hardness, organization, and mechanical properties contrast after the LSP processing to 30CrMnSiNi2A,especially the investigation of compressive residual stress is therefore tremendously significant.

Natural ageing during these pause times is known to greatly affect materials properties of autobody sheet.
Forming of a metal sheet is often impeded by anisotropic materials behaviour, such as in-plane anisotropy in mechanical properties and especially the existence of pronounced plastic strain ratios or ‘r-values’.
Mechanical Tests.
Simulation of Materials Properties Simulation of In-plane Anisotropy.
As expected, prolonged natural ageing prior to tensile testing gave rise to a significant increase in T4 strength, whereas the T6 properties were affected much less (Fig. 2(a)).

In-plane along the 0° carbon fiber direction, the carbon fiber controlled the mechanical properties and the strain rate effect.
It was observed that there are significant differences in the test results due to differences in raw materials, producing processes, testing conditions and configuration of the samples among other factors.
The dynamic compressive properties of the samples were determined by using the SHPB system.
In this sample direction, the mechanical properties and the strain rate effects were matrix-dominated.
In-plane along the 0° carbon fiber direction, the carbon fiber controlled the mechanical properties and the strain rate effect. 2.

l Natural factors refer to external environmental factors that affect pipe burst, mostly belonging to the static factors, including soil types, climatic conditions, load and so on.
l Human factors refer to the aspects of design and construction that affect the pipe explosion.
l Soil type.German Gas and Water Industry Association reported that soil property was the main factor that affected pipe explosion, via researching on more than one hundred water supply enterprises [2].
First, different types of soils have differences on pipeline corrosive properties.Corrosion of cohesive soil is much stronger than that of non-cohesive soil on pipeline; second, in different soils sedimentation properties of pipelines are different.
Its strength, ductility, toughness and other mechanical properties decrease significantly, which could shorten the pipe life.

Because of hard and brittle properties of ceramic materials, grinding and polishing the surface is the main processing methods, after grinded and polished, ceramics surface appear residual stresses and resulting in the cracks.
Introduction Engineering ceramic materials have been widely used in electronics, machinery, chemical industry, communications and other fields.Because of hard and brittle properties of ceramic materials, grinding and polishing the surface are their main processing methods, and after grinded, polished the surface , surface cracks are the main problems affecting the quality of the machined surface, and the residual stress is an important cause of crack.
So to establish the mathematical model of grinding surface residual stress of ceramics parts is the theoretical basis on study residual stress, and is also a difficult issue for researching, it has great significance in prediction and control the numerical and properties of residual stress, and in grasping comprehensively grinding surface properties.
Define: = (15) Thus, the incremental stress-strain relations in the plastic region is : (16) Grinding Temperature Model Ceramic materials in intense grinding, the metamorphic layer is confined to the surface than normal cutting, and high temperature grinding , so the grinding temperature is the main factor affecting the surface residual stress, namely: ～ (17) In strong grinding ,due to heat transfer time increases and the contact arc length grows, is proportional to the specific value unit width grinding ratio and contact length
Then the unit grinding width and resection rate of substitution, too Then put and the unit grinding width resection rate into (19), get: ∝ （20） It can get from (17)： ～ （21） Formula (25) reflects comprehensively and intuitively the relationships of various factors effect on , surface residual stress increases with the and , and with the , is related to the rational parameters ， ， ，， ，.