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As to the routine materials such as gray cast iron and spheroid graphite cast iron, the maximum allowable temperatures are usually 550°C and 750°C respectively.
Material Consideration.
As far as the normal cast iron and ordinary steel are concerned, when it is put into the thermal cycle of high-normal temperature, it will always trigger frequent alternation between ferrite and Austenite, which is commonly blamed for the failure of the structure due to variation of volume and property of material strength under different metallographies, therefore, the upper temperature limit for these materials is constrained.
[5] Fu Q.Y., Fluid-Solid Coupling Application on IC Engine Exhaust Manifold [J], Hefei Industry University Journal, 2009, (B11):175-177
[6] Yang W.L., Numerical Simulation of Thermal Load on Engine Exhaust Manifold [J] ,Huazhong Science and Technology University Journal,2006,34 (12): 98-100 [7] Wang L.X., Analysis and Improvement for crack on Engine Exhaust Manifold [J], Shanghai Automotive,2007, (12):15-18

Two important maps one of material bearing capacity and other of substratum for accurate depiction on geotechnical data was prepared by integrating geostatistical concepts into GIS.
Before any land is developed, its material properties need to be determined through geotechnical and geological testing.
Abdessamad, Monitoring the urban expansion and densification of Casablanca city morocco on more than a century using Gis and remote sensing, European journal of scientific research, (2016)
In International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation (Vol. 118).
Environmental Earth Sciences, 81(7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-022-10287-y [12] Azougay, A., Rezqi, H., & Oujidi, M.

Experiment Section Materials.
Table 2 that the inorganic elements content was similar with the mineral materials which has been used in other studies[13, 14].
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) analysis was authorized to center of materials analysis of Nanjing University.
The inorganic composition of SSC (Table 2) was similar with these materials.
Journal of Hunan University.

Significant changes of strength properties occurred at 200°C when the ultimate tensile strength and the yield stress decreased in the ECAPed materials in contrast to the materials without ECAP.
Lin: Journal Friction and Wear 30 (2009) 194-198 [2] S.M.
Mahmudi: Materials and Design 31 (2010) 3512-3517 [3] Z.
Science and Eng.
Science and Eng.

Because similar materials have the elastic-brittle failure characteristics, the point preceding the point mentioned above is the failure region.
[2] Ren D H, Zhang P: Journal of China Coal Society Vol. 13 (1998), p. 51- 53 (In Chinese)
[3] Du S G, Zhou Q L, Sun Y F: China Journal of Highway and Transport Vol. 10(1997), p.64-69 (In Chinese)
[4] Peng Jia, Chunan Tang, Tianhong Yang, et al: Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science) Vol. 27 (2006), p. 1275- 1278 (In Chinese)
[6] Ming Xiao, Yanglei Wang: Chinses Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering Vol.19 (2002), p.2057-2060 (In Chinese)

Fly ash, as a raw materials,is used to prepare micro-nano structural beads with the surface modified by using silane coupling agent.
Advanced Materials. 14 (24) (2002) 1857-1860
Journal of Chemie. 132 (2001) 31-41
Feng, Bionic intelligent nano interface materials, First ed, Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, 2007
Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 36(5) (2007) 592-596

Thus soil-structure interaction and friction between different material layers are included in the study.
The soil has been modeled as Mohr-coulomb material with plasticity, whilst reinforced concrete is considered as linear elastic material (Table 2).
El-maghraby, Characterization and assessment of Saudi clays raw material at different area, Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 3 (2010) 271–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.06.015
HOSSAIN, Ground Condition in Jeddah and its Influence on Selection and Design of Foundation, Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Earth Sciences. (1991). https://doi.org/10.4197/ear.4-1.4
Alsaidi, Experimental Study to Investigate Dune Sand Improvement by Adding Fine Waste Materials, Key Engineering Materials. 902 (2021) 153–159

., 2009), test equipment (Hsu and Hu, 2009), monitoring and measuring equipment (Sambasivan and Fei, 2008), green technical capability and develop alternative materials, products, equipment and methods that alleviate life cycle shocks. 2.2 Green design (GD): Green design focuses both on environmentally conscious design and life cycle assessment/analysis.
Erol and Ilke (2009) shown the designing team can alternate the raw materials or substances used during manufacturing process.
Green purchasing addresses issues such as waste reduction, environmental material substitution, and hazardous material minimization; thus, firms have increasingly managed suppliers’ environmental performance to assure that the materials purchased are environmental friendly. 2.4 Cross functional teams to minimize (CF) environmental impact: Employees from each department should come together for brainstorming to give their views about environmental strategies.
The logistical activities comprise freight transport, storage, inventory management, materials handling and all the related information processing.
“An empirical study of the implementation of green supply chain management practices in the electrical and electronic industry and their relation to organizational performances”, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol.4, 2007, pp.383-394

Sahoo, «Gas metal arc welding based additive manufacturing—a review», CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, vol. 33, pp. 398-442, may 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.cirpj.2021.04.010
Murugan, «Optimization of weld bead geometry for stainless steel claddings deposited by FCAW», Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 190, n.o 1, pp. 291-299, jul. 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.02.035
Guimarães, «Estimation of heat source and thermal efficiency in GTAW process by using inverse techniques», Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 172, n.o 1, pp. 42-51, feb. 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.08.010
Veiga, «Metal transfer modes for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Al-Mg alloys: Influence of heat input in microstructure and porosity», Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 297, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117271
Martikainen, «Robotic arc welding sensors and programming in industrial applications», International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, vol. 10, n.o 1, p. 13, jul. 2015, doi: 10.1186/s40712-015-0042-y

Unlike traditional filament-based printing, FGF directly processes polymer pellets, enabling the in-line blending of different materials during the printing operation.
Given the higher MFI of rPP compared to virgin PP, one might expect that materials with high recycled content could be processed at lower nozzle temperatures.
As nozzle temperature and screw rotational speed increase, the flow response of the materials diverges significantly.
Gonzalez-Gutierrez, "Material extrusion-based additive manufacturing of polypropylene: A review on how to improve dimensional inaccuracy and warpage," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 137, no. 12, p. 48545, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.48545
Goh et al., "Exploring PLA/TPU blends in pellet-based printing for multifunctional applications: Blending and interfacial properties," Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, vol. 164, p. 100981, 2025/06/01/ 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2025.100981