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Online since: December 2013
Authors: Jitka Hroudová, Martin Sedlmajer, Jiří Zach
Natural insulation materials have great potential of development given the contemporary requirements of the society in terms of reducing the energy demands of the production of building materials and the reduction of CO2 emissions.
The results of the experiments provided input data for computational simulations of hygrothermal behavior of hemp based fiber insulation applied in building envelopes.
During the hygrothermal performance computation of the construction detail, both the effect of wind as well as rain precipitation (reduction factor 0.7) were taken into account.
The results of the experiments provided input data for computational simulations of hygrothermal behavior of hemp based fiber insulation applied in building envelopes.
During the hygrothermal performance computation of the construction detail, both the effect of wind as well as rain precipitation (reduction factor 0.7) were taken into account.
Online since: July 2005
Authors: Dorothée Dorner, Stefan Zaefferer
An initially Goss-oriented ({110}<001> preferred crystal orientation) FeSi single crystal
was cold rolled up to 89 % reduction in thickness.
This corresponds to a maximum thickness reduction of 89 % respectively a logarithmic true strain of ϕ = 2.2.
The TSL software OIM was used to index the Kikuchi patterns and for the evaluation of the orientation data. 240 Development of shear bands during cold rolling As expected for cold rolling experiments of single crystals the deformation is very inhomogeneous throughout the sample thickness.
In samples with reductions in thickness up to 70 % no shear bands occur (Fig. 1).
At 70 % no shear bands are observed; shear bands occur in samples with a thickness reductions of 77 % and higher.
This corresponds to a maximum thickness reduction of 89 % respectively a logarithmic true strain of ϕ = 2.2.
The TSL software OIM was used to index the Kikuchi patterns and for the evaluation of the orientation data. 240 Development of shear bands during cold rolling As expected for cold rolling experiments of single crystals the deformation is very inhomogeneous throughout the sample thickness.
In samples with reductions in thickness up to 70 % no shear bands occur (Fig. 1).
At 70 % no shear bands are observed; shear bands occur in samples with a thickness reductions of 77 % and higher.
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Marcos A.S. Barrozo, Carlos Henrique Ataíde, Rafaella F. Rodrigues, Sergio Leite, Juliana G. Oliveira
The correlation between data and process variables was established using Multiple Regression.
Introduction Fertilization with phosphorus is indispensable in agricultural production and the apatite (mineral obtained from phosphate rock) is the only significant sources of phosphorus used in the manufactured of phosphate fertilizers [1-5].Granulation or enlargement of particle size has a significant function in industry for many reasons, such as improving the flowability of powders, reduction of powders in suspension, reduction of environmental impact and ease of handling.
The experimental data were obtained from a pilot apparatus of 25 l of capacity.
As depicted in Fig. 2, the experimental data suggests a relation 15,3 < L/S < 16,6 , so according to the data, a relation of L/S between 16,6 and 17,9 changes the behavior and at some point between them an increase in drum rotation will diminish the efficiency, indicating a lot of liquid phase for this condition.
Figure 3 show the response surface obtained from the statistical technique used in the data treatment.
Introduction Fertilization with phosphorus is indispensable in agricultural production and the apatite (mineral obtained from phosphate rock) is the only significant sources of phosphorus used in the manufactured of phosphate fertilizers [1-5].Granulation or enlargement of particle size has a significant function in industry for many reasons, such as improving the flowability of powders, reduction of powders in suspension, reduction of environmental impact and ease of handling.
The experimental data were obtained from a pilot apparatus of 25 l of capacity.
As depicted in Fig. 2, the experimental data suggests a relation 15,3 < L/S < 16,6 , so according to the data, a relation of L/S between 16,6 and 17,9 changes the behavior and at some point between them an increase in drum rotation will diminish the efficiency, indicating a lot of liquid phase for this condition.
Figure 3 show the response surface obtained from the statistical technique used in the data treatment.
Online since: April 2020
Authors: Gina Fairuz, Dwinanti Rika Marthanty, Jessica Sjah
The flow velocity inside Model 1 is 0,479963 m/s with the flow velocity reduction of 52,0037%, for Model 2 is 0,3492 m/s with the flow velocity reduction of 65,0804%.
As a general indicator, the higher the amplitude of the wave, the greater the flow velocity reduction [5].
The difference in the flow velocity reduction of Model 1 and Model 2 can be seen in Fig. 7a and Fig. 7b.
(a) (b) Fig. 7 (a) Reduction of Flow Velocity in Model 1, (b) Reduction of Flow Velocity in Model 1.
[3] Houston Public Works, Floodplains Management Data Analysis Chapter 19.
As a general indicator, the higher the amplitude of the wave, the greater the flow velocity reduction [5].
The difference in the flow velocity reduction of Model 1 and Model 2 can be seen in Fig. 7a and Fig. 7b.
(a) (b) Fig. 7 (a) Reduction of Flow Velocity in Model 1, (b) Reduction of Flow Velocity in Model 1.
[3] Houston Public Works, Floodplains Management Data Analysis Chapter 19.
Online since: March 2011
Authors: Steve K. Bate, Richard Charles, Paul Hurrell, Ian Symington, John Sharples, Adam Toft, Peter James, Mark Jackson
This suffers from the drawback that the upper bound curve can increase as more measurements and data scatter are obtained.
The statistical profiles provide ‘best fits’ to the measured data whilst the R6 level 2 profile and API579 provide upper bound profiles.
It can be seen that the statistical profiles provide a good fit to the data.
A reduction in J and KJ is expected if a defect is introduced progressively into a residual stress field.
A statistical approach for determining best estimate residual stress profiles has been applied to data for austenitic girth welds.
The statistical profiles provide ‘best fits’ to the measured data whilst the R6 level 2 profile and API579 provide upper bound profiles.
It can be seen that the statistical profiles provide a good fit to the data.
A reduction in J and KJ is expected if a defect is introduced progressively into a residual stress field.
A statistical approach for determining best estimate residual stress profiles has been applied to data for austenitic girth welds.
Online since: September 2015
Authors: Tatyana Ogneva, Anna Kulekina, Evelina Langeman
Influence of the vehicles’ shape and length on its pressure drag value investigation
Tatyana Ogneva 1, a *, Anna Kulekina 2, b, Evelina Langeman 3, с
1, 2, 3 Novosibirsk State Technical University , Novosibirsk, Russia
a Tanysha.93@list.ru, b anna.kulekina@gmail.com, с langeman.evelina@gmail.com
Keywords: energy efficiency, pressure drag, energy usage reduction, aerodynamic drag.
The reduction of aerodynamic resistance in this case is 13% compared with the original one.
Autodesk Flow Design program has such advantages as simplicity of operation, high operation speed, high obtained data accuracy (measurement accuracy is 5%).
The reduction of aerodynamic resistance in this case is 13% compared with the original one.
Autodesk Flow Design program has such advantages as simplicity of operation, high operation speed, high obtained data accuracy (measurement accuracy is 5%).
Online since: December 2018
Authors: Ya Zheng Liu, Chao Lei Zhang, Yang Wei, Wen Fang, Bao Run Cai
Fig.2 and Table.2 are stress-strain curve and test data of different microstructures.
Its yield strength is 1407MPa and percentage reduction of area is 31.7%.
The average of experimental data of process of tempering at high temperature steels of 40Cr[11] and 42CrMo[12] is as table.1.
Its percentage reduction of area is 14.8% lower than 40Cr, which is bad for using.
Percentage reduction of area and elongation of martensite is 0.7% and 0.6%, respectively.
Its yield strength is 1407MPa and percentage reduction of area is 31.7%.
The average of experimental data of process of tempering at high temperature steels of 40Cr[11] and 42CrMo[12] is as table.1.
Its percentage reduction of area is 14.8% lower than 40Cr, which is bad for using.
Percentage reduction of area and elongation of martensite is 0.7% and 0.6%, respectively.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Leopold Hudeček, Jiří Svoboda, Jan Kramný
Furthermore, the test sections were established in order to test the application of different materials used as a grout space between the rails and the surrounding environment and the reference section to compare the resulting data.
Vibrations were measured on the own construction of the house, also on the communication - vertical vibration near the track (30 cm far from the running rail track), these data present the transmission of vibration from the rail and sleepers in the immediate surroundings, measuring the vertical vibrations of the road (150 cm far from the running rail track in place that was not affected by reconstruction), these data present the transmission of vibration to the subsoil neighbourhood.
Pads ensure the reduction of vertical vibration of sleepers on average by 32 % in case of good wheels and an average of 42% when wheels has little flat areas (the driving speed was 50 km·h-1).
Noise reduction has been proven by measurements made on the street Opavská in 2000 - 2001, on monitored section of track, before repairing and after repair.
By performing repairs by using rubber pads was achieved at a distance of 21 m from the centre of the track (before the windows of residential buildings - microphone at a height of 3.5 meters above ground level, the driving speed 50 km·h-1) noise reduction of 3.5 dB for a no-load wheels 7.7 dB for a loaded wheels of tram T3.
Vibrations were measured on the own construction of the house, also on the communication - vertical vibration near the track (30 cm far from the running rail track), these data present the transmission of vibration from the rail and sleepers in the immediate surroundings, measuring the vertical vibrations of the road (150 cm far from the running rail track in place that was not affected by reconstruction), these data present the transmission of vibration to the subsoil neighbourhood.
Pads ensure the reduction of vertical vibration of sleepers on average by 32 % in case of good wheels and an average of 42% when wheels has little flat areas (the driving speed was 50 km·h-1).
Noise reduction has been proven by measurements made on the street Opavská in 2000 - 2001, on monitored section of track, before repairing and after repair.
By performing repairs by using rubber pads was achieved at a distance of 21 m from the centre of the track (before the windows of residential buildings - microphone at a height of 3.5 meters above ground level, the driving speed 50 km·h-1) noise reduction of 3.5 dB for a no-load wheels 7.7 dB for a loaded wheels of tram T3.
Online since: August 2016
Authors: Mary Donnabelle L. Balela, Ellaine Datu
This suggests faster reduction rate.
Parallel reactions, e.g. hydrogen generation, also compete with metal reduction for the amount of reductant.
In the present system, the main oxidation reaction is the oxidation of hydrazine: N2H4 + 4OH- à N2 + 4H2O + 4e- (1) On the other hand, the primary reduction reactions are Cu deposition and H2 generation: Cu(II) + 2e- à Cu (2) 2H2O + 2e- à H2 + 2OH- (3) where Cu(II) represents all possible Cu species since there is an insufficient thermodynamic data to calculate the redox potential Cu oxyanions and hydroxyanions.
This indicates faster reduction at lower concentrations of gelatin.
As a result, less Cu(II) ions are available for reduction.
Parallel reactions, e.g. hydrogen generation, also compete with metal reduction for the amount of reductant.
In the present system, the main oxidation reaction is the oxidation of hydrazine: N2H4 + 4OH- à N2 + 4H2O + 4e- (1) On the other hand, the primary reduction reactions are Cu deposition and H2 generation: Cu(II) + 2e- à Cu (2) 2H2O + 2e- à H2 + 2OH- (3) where Cu(II) represents all possible Cu species since there is an insufficient thermodynamic data to calculate the redox potential Cu oxyanions and hydroxyanions.
This indicates faster reduction at lower concentrations of gelatin.
As a result, less Cu(II) ions are available for reduction.
Online since: December 2018
Authors: Laura Alleva, Andrea Di Schino, Claudio Testani, Luciano Pilloni
Two finish rolling temperatures (750°C and 650 °C) and two different total reductions (30% and 40%) are also analyzed.
Thermo-mechanical parameters effect on EUROFER 97 hardness (a: 30% hot reduction, b: 40% hot reduction) The tempering effect after hot deformation depending on thermo-mechanical parameters is reported in Table 2.
EUROFER 97 tensile properties comparison: experimental vs literature data [1], (empty bullets represent YS, bold bullets represent UTS) Table 4.
A limited effect of the hot reduction and of the following tempering temperature is shown if 30-40%.
Reduction rate is considered.
Thermo-mechanical parameters effect on EUROFER 97 hardness (a: 30% hot reduction, b: 40% hot reduction) The tempering effect after hot deformation depending on thermo-mechanical parameters is reported in Table 2.
EUROFER 97 tensile properties comparison: experimental vs literature data [1], (empty bullets represent YS, bold bullets represent UTS) Table 4.
A limited effect of the hot reduction and of the following tempering temperature is shown if 30-40%.
Reduction rate is considered.