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TiC + 2Cl2 (g) = TiCl4 (g) + C, ∆G° (kJ/mole) = -0.1111*T - 548.2 (1) The results obtained from ICP analysis of the TiCl4 soulutions are in good agreement with the weight loss data and showed the trend illustrated in Fig. 2 and 3.
The wt. % lost and extent of chlorination data was analyzed via statistical design of experiments.
Ostrovski, Carbothermal reduction and nitridation of Ilmenite concentrates.
Prentice, Carbothermal reduction and nitridation of titanium dioxide in a H2-N2 gas mixture.
Hashim, An assessment of the carbothermal reduction of malaysian Ilmenite by statistical design.

The simulation results are validated by comparing with the experimental data.
Introduction The transfer processes in porous media have broad applications in chemical and metallurgical industry, such as petroleum industries, energy storage units, catalytic reactors, ore calcinations, reduction, sintering and etc [1-3].
Results and discussion The governing equations are rendered discrete using the finite volume method with an implicit formulation [13].This paper takes the indirect reduction of iron ore as an example for computation [14].
The calculated results of the solid conversion ratio were compared with the experimental data as shown in Figure 1.
The solid lines in Figure 1 show the experimental data of the conversion ratio varied with time, and the calculated results are represented by the dotted lines.

Studies of drag reduction due the the boundary layer effect are continuously performed by many researchers.
Drag reduction up to about 10% has been reported using surface modification on a flat plate [1].
The wire probe is connected to a data acquisiton unit and interfaced to a personal computer for further data processing.
Sampling frequency of present hot-wire maesurement is set to be 4 kHz and the wire was operated for ten seconds for data collection.
Therefore, as many as 40000 data points were collected for the need of turbulent analysis.

However, the lack of long term durability data is cited as a primary obstacle to wider acceptance of GFRP in some conditions.
Clip gauge readings are recorded with IMC digital data acquisition system.
Based on the measured data of elongation, the applied force on the GFRP is calculated by equation (1)
Load and elongation data were recorded using an IMC digital data acquisition system that was powered and controlled by a PC via a USB port.
The sampling rate of the data was 100 samples/sec.

The 50% reduction of shallow groundwater abstraction may lead to a recover of 3 m of the lowest groundwater level.
After the model validation with the monitoring data, MODFLOW is utilized to quantify the reduction of river baseflow caused by the shallow groundwater abstraction in the area near the Wei river.
Three-dimensional geological structure model in the study area was established with drilling data in GMS software, and was shown as Fig.2.
Total data of hydrological year from 1991-12-1 to 1992-11-30 was selected to identify model parameters.
The 50% reduction of shallow groundwater abstraction may lead to a recover of 3 m of the lowest groundwater level.

Actual data is sent cycle from BAS to PCS.
Data management.
All these data should be managed by data management function, and be stored in database.
The PCS model calculation data are shown in Table 4, and the actual rolling data are shown in Table 5.
Data communication, process tracking, data management and model calculation functions are realized with PCS

There was a very good reduction in CO emissions by 28% in comparison with E20 and 80% in comparison with diesel.
A Biodiesel-ethanol-diesel blend shows significant reduction in pm, tfc.
Fig. 1 shows a setup which consist of test engine coupled with eddy current dynamometer, fuel consumption metering equipment, 5 gas analyzer (AVL type 777) and data acquisition unit (AVL Indicom 1.5).
Fig. 4 bmep Vs CO Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) There was a reduction in the NOx emissions.
This reduction is due to the higher cetane number of the blend containing higher amount of biodiesel.

Firstly, the image dimensionality reduction by means of the improved PCA algorithm, and then classify the images by using Fisher linear dimensionality reduction method.
The ideas of the combines Fisher linear discriminant and improved PCA is so: Firstly, the image of all training set or palmprint database consisting of data matrix.
The experimental procedures of the method are as follows: (1) Read the palmprint data reduce the dimensions of training samples by the improved PCA algorithm
By the experiment data we can draw a conclusion, when the FLD method and the improved PCA algorithm combined with the use of the palmprint recognition system, the effect is far beyond any single algorithm.
We can see from the data, the recognition rate is greatly improved by use the hybrid algorithm combines the improved PCA algorithm and the Fisher linear discriminant.

The testing equipment incorporates integrated systems for precision measurement, control, and data acquisition of test temperature, coupled with extensometric measurement and recording capabilities enabling creep evaluation at temperatures up to 1000°C under applied loads up to 6 kN.
Extrapolation of experimental data to 10,000 and 100,000 hour service periods yielded creep rupture strength values for all material conditions.
From the experimental creep data, mathematical parameters were established using Excel functional relationships of the form y=f(x) as demonstrated in Figure 3.
Specimens annealed at 600°C for 3,000 hours exhibited 13% creep rupture life reduction, while 10,000-hour annealing resulted in 17% life reduction.
Accelerated creep experiments without continuous strain measurement provided essential data for quantitative assessment of joint service life reduction.

The Mn solute content was evaluated from resistivity data and thermoelectric power assuming that only Al6(Fe,Mn) was precipitated [5].
The EBSD data also showed that there was a strong β-fibre rolling texture in the heavily cold worked materials.
Taylor factors calculated from the EBSD texture data show a slight increase during annealing, Table 2.
The fits to the HH97 and SH96 data gave exponents ν = 8.4 and 5.0, respectively, but the same activation energy U=225 kJ/mole.
At ν=8.4 a very good representation of the data in Fig. 4 and an activation energy U=100 kJ/mole is obtained from Eq.1.