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Firuz2,d 1 Material Science, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2 School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis 3 Nuclear Science, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia asyed.nuzul@unimap.edu.my, blinda@ukm.my, shahidan@ukm.my, dfiruz@unimap.edu.my Keywords: sol-gel synthesis, hybrid material, silica xerogels, mesoporous, composite Abstract.
Because of that, sol-gel method permits the combination of the inorganic with organic materials to form a new class of material, which is called hybrid material.
The scope of this paper is to investigate the porous properties of the synthesized hybrid materials.
Journal Sol-Gel Science Vol. 8 (1997), p. 499–505
[15] Sato, S., Murakata, T., Suzuki, T., and Ohgawara, T : Journal of Material Science Vol. 254 (1990), p. 4880–4885.

ECAP processing of materials at a high temperature will promote the workability of materials.
Osadnik: Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, Vol.30, Issue 2(2008), p.109 [17].
A.Abdul-Latif, G.F.Dirras, S.Ramtani and A.Hocini: International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 51 (2009), p. 797 [40].
Ma: Materials Science and Engineering R, Vol.50 (2005), p. 1 [179].
Nath: Materials and Design, Vol.31 (2010), p. 3816

So SHS is appropate to synthesizing refractory materials.
Coating materials.
Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science), 2003, 24(2): 272-275.
Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2011, 29(3): 341-345.
Ordnance Material Science and Engineering, 2002(1): 38-40.

Sadhukhan & et al., Targeted delivery of quercetin via pH-responsive zinc oxide nanoparticles for breast cancer therapy, Materials Science and engineering: C, 100 (2019) 129-140
International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials. 30 (2023) 525-535
Hanley, Antibacterial activity of dental composites containing zinc oxide nanoparticles, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials. 94(2010) 22-31
Journal of hazardous materials, 178(2010) 115-122
Nair & et al., Role of size scale of ZnO nanoparticles and microparticles on toxicity toward bacteria and osteoblast cancer cells, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. 20(2009) 235-241

Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 1 (2013) 202-206
Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 1 (2013) 3669-3676
Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 1 (2013) 8445-8452
Journal of Materials Chemistry. 21 (2011) 3346-3349
Journal of Materials Chemistry. 21 (2011) 3432

Simulation of the Cracking Behavior for Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials with Different inclusion Quantity Jixiang Luo 1, a 1Department of Science, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China a laixiaoying77716@yahoo.com.cn Key words: inclusion quantity; fiber reinforced composites; X-VCEFM Cell; matrix crack propagation Abstract: Based on the Voronoi cell finite element can also reflect fiber reinforced composites interface to take off the layer and matrix crack propagation of the new cell (X-VCFEM cell)[1].
References: [1] luojixiang，Numerical simulations of interfacial debonding and matrix cracking in particle reinforced composites，Kunming：Kunming University of Science and Technology，2007. 26～30 [2] Jiangyongqiu，composition material mechanics，xi an：traffic college at xian，1990. 5～11 [3] Lewandowski J.J., Manoharan M., Hunt W.H.
Materials Science & Engineering A: Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing, 1993, A172(1-2): 63~69 [4] Llorca J.
Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 1998, 46(1): 1~28 [5] Mummery P.M., Derby B., Scruby C.B.
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An Experimental Study on Natural Convection Biomass Dryer with Different Sensible Heat Storage Materials D.V.N.Lakshmi1, a *, S.
The time taken by this process is less than the conventional drying without storage materials.
Where pebble and concrete have been used as thermal energy storage materials.
Chandrasekhar, performance of a forced convection solar drier integrated with gravel as heat storage material for chilli drying, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 4 (2009) 305 – 314
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 813-814 (2015) 668-673

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is the key manufacturing method in modern manufacturing field for its non-contact machining and machinability for many difficult-to-cut materials.
Effect of the tension imposed on wire electrode, the assisting electrode materials and the processing parameters on material removal speed, quality of machined surface and the surface properties of workpieces were studied[2,3].
[3] Takayuki Tani, Yasushi Fukuzawa, Naotake Mohri, Nagao Saito, Masaaki Okada: Machining phenomena in WEDM of insulating ceramics, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 149 (2004), p.124-p.128 [4] B.
Liu: Influence of secondary electro-conductive phases on the electrical discharge machinability and frictional behavior of ZrO2-based ceramic composites, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 208 (2008), p.423-p.430 [6] S.
Tan: Critical assessment and numerical comparison of electro-thermal models in EDM, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 203 (2008), p.241-p.251 [7] Weiliang Zhang: Discharge characters during reciprocating traveling WEDM, Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Electromachining of China, (1979) p.98-p.106 (in Chinese) [8] Philip T.

Hemdi, Critical success factors of green design implementation for malaysia automotive industry, Advanced Materials Research Vols. 383-390 (2012) pp 3395-3402
Mohamad Zailani, Going green in supply chain towards environmental sustainability, Global Journal of Environmental Research 3 (3) (2009) 246-251
Fadzil, Public Community knowledge on reuse of end-of-life vehicles: a case study in an automotive industrial city in Malaysia, Journal of Applied Sciences 14 (3) (2014) 212-220
Azhari, Initiating automotive component reuse in Malaysia, Journal of Cleaner Production 17 (2009) 1572–1579
Journal of Applied Science 13 (5) (2013) 654-662

Chua: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 136 (2003), p. 166 [3] H.
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Campana: Applied Surface Science 9584 (2003), p. 1 [7] A.
Powell: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 40 (1994), p. 359 [8] N.
Lu: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 129 (2002), p. 152 [14] W.J.