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Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the downer mixer [9] In this work, the discrete element method (DEM), which has proven to be a simple and effective tool for simulating granular materials [10-14], is employed to investigate the heat transfer of two particulate materials in such mixers to optimize their interior structure.
DEM Model DEM was first developed for rock mechanics [15, 16], and then for bulk materials at large.
Particulate materials with different size and/or density and temperature are fed at the sides on the top, respectively.
To enhance the mixing and also heat transfer between the two materials, baffles are installed on both sides of the downer in a stagger way.
Mullin, Granular Materials: Science, Vol.295 (2002), p.1851

We are trying to extract natural fibers from Hainan immense resources of biological materials.
Introduction Biological materials may refer to biomass, living or dead biological matter, often plants grown as staple.
The banana waste is a concentrated source of biological materials, ideal for extraction of fiber from the pseudostem to produce material of pulp and paper.
It can use banana stems of biological material as raw materials of pulp and paper.
Material and methods Materials.

The rapid development of biology has led to the widespread use of completely new practical methods to solve healthcare problems, as well as to the fundamental development of new technologies and new materials in various industries [15, 17, 21, 22, 23, 25].
Meanwhile, the problem of unpredictable effect on the environment of materials, created and modified using nanotechnology, does not allow us to consider current ethical approaches as sufficient.
As using nanotechnology, it is possible not only to modify existing natural materials, but also create new materials with desired properties, they are seen as a source of conscious design of both risks and desirable properties of nature.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2020; 32(33), 23-31
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2021; 33(17), 31-38

Experimental Raw materials.
Table 1 listed the physical properties of those materials.
Meanwhile, the best recover capacity of those rejuvenator sealer materials was Material L.
Acknowledgments This paper is supported by the Project of Science and Technology Plan Projects of the Ministry of Transport of china (No. 2013 318 811 250).
[4] Álvaro García, Erik Schlangen, Martin van de Ven, Guadalupe Sierra-Beltrán: Preparation of capsules containing rejuvenators for their use in asphalt concrete, Journal of Hazardous Materials. 184 (2010) 603-611

The Through-Dyed Autoclaved Silicate Concretes with the Use of Thermally Activated Iron Ore Raw Materials Refinement Tailings I.V.
The ferruginous quartzites refinement produces the concentrate with the predominant content of ore materials and the «tailings», consisting mostly of gangue material.
Tarasova, The loading pigments production from ferruginous quartzites refinement tailings, Building materials. 7 (2005) 13-15
Fedorina, Composite Pigment-Filler on the basis of heat power plant and tails of enrichment of ferruterous quartzites, research journal of applied sciences.
Evtushenko, The activation processes in building materials technology, BSTU publishing office, Belgorod, 2003

The Boundary Element Method (BEM) is one among the most popular simulation techniques employed to simulate mechanical behaviour of materials, including smart engineering materials.
Introduction The Boundary Element Method (BEM) [3-7] is a numerical technique that is quite popular when it comes to simulating the mechanical behaviour of materials, including smart materials.
The analytical formulae used here are the same as the ones that can be found in any book on the ‘mechanics of materials’ (also known as ‘strength of materials’ or ‘engineering mechanics’) or any design data handbook.
[2] Kirana Kumara P, Simulation of Mechanical Behaviour of Materials using Constant Boundary Elements - A Discussion on the Accuracy of Results for Bars, to be published in this journal, 2020
[4] Ang K.C., Introducing the Boundary Element Method with MATLAB, International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 505-519, 2008

Chinese Journal of Semiconductors, 2012, 33(10):1-7
Journal of Electronic Material. 2004,33(5): 481-486
Material Science Forum, 2009, 600-603: 831-834
Journal of Electronic Materials, 2006,35(8): L11-L14
Advanced Materials Research 2012,565:237-242.

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is the key manufacturing method in modern manufacturing field for its non-contact machining and machinability for many difficult-to-cut materials.
Effect of the tension imposed on wire electrode, the assisting electrode materials and the processing parameters on material removal speed, quality of machined surface and the surface properties of workpieces were studied[2,3].
[3] Takayuki Tani, Yasushi Fukuzawa, Naotake Mohri, Nagao Saito, Masaaki Okada: Machining phenomena in WEDM of insulating ceramics, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 149 (2004), p.124-p.128 [4] B.
Liu: Influence of secondary electro-conductive phases on the electrical discharge machinability and frictional behavior of ZrO2-based ceramic composites, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 208 (2008), p.423-p.430 [6] S.
Tan: Critical assessment and numerical comparison of electro-thermal models in EDM, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 203 (2008), p.241-p.251 [7] Weiliang Zhang: Discharge characters during reciprocating traveling WEDM, Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Electromachining of China, (1979) p.98-p.106 (in Chinese) [8] Philip T.

Journal of materials science, (2007). 429: p. 2917-2933
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, (2011). 59: p. 441-449
Journal of materials science, (2011). 4616: p. 5477-5486
Journal of hazardous materials, (2010). 1801: p. 748-752
International journal of molecular sciences, (2012). 134: p. 4388-4395.

For TRIP steel, the microstructure changed greatly during deformation and microstructure development influence the macro behavior of the materials, micro materials behavior should be investigated carefully during the deformation [9-11].
As metallic materials, TRIP steel was dissipative materials, so internal variables were used to describe the plastic behavior.
Materials Science & Engineering A, 2013, Vol.569: 137-143 [3] L Mazzoni-Leduca, T Pardoenb, T J Massart.
Journal of Computer-Aided Materials Design, 2002, 9(2): 145-163 [8] Paolo Maria Mariano, Furio Lorenzo Stazi.
Computational aspects of the mechanics of complex materials[J].