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The second one was a CP-3800 equipped with a Propak Q column with helium as carrier gas for measuring CO2 production. 2.3 Experimental data evaluation Conversion of model tar compounds to gaseous products (CO, CO2 and CH4) in the presence of the different catalysts was determined as a function of temperature (T), steam to carbon ratio (S/C) and space velocity (SV).
The data points that represent the model tar compound conversion were average points of three tests. 2.4 Characterization of the catalysts 2.4.1 X-ray diffraction (XRD) The analysis of crystalline structure was done by XRD, Maximum-3B Diffractometer from Japan.
The first peak of original olivine was attributed to the reduction of its ‘extra framework’ of iron oxide and the second peak was attributed to the reduction of Fe2O3·H2O.
No obvious observation of iron oxide in olive structure was observed since no reduction at 1173K.
With the addition of Mg, the first reduction peak of Catalyst C was higher than the original one.

The results indicated that this model built on the BPNN theory was well-fitted to the detected data, and was able to simulate and predict the removal of COD and berberine by UASB reactor.
The VFA concentration in effluent, biogas and methane content was detected during this experiment (data not given).
Fig.6 Topological architecture of the BPNN model The model program selected the data of 101-141 day of the UASB system as training values and was subsequently simulated by using independent data sets between day 142 and day 191.
Fig.7 Comparison of COD simulated results Fig.8 Comparison of berberine simulated results with real data and the error chat with real data and the error chat Overall, ignoring the larger number of outliers caused by several errors, these models were well fitted the real data in terms of reactors effluent COD and berberine.
At that model 30 representative groups of data were selected for training and 14 groups were for forecasting, 1.89–19.23% errors were obtained eventually [16].

Though the main target of the work was to gain a data basis for possible future needs of defect and risk assessment, an emphasis was put on an evaluation of crack growth mechanisms, too.
Analysed data of crack growth and threshold conditions are a basis for an application of damage tolerance philosophy, which is in case of pressure vessels quite a complicated task due to several reasons: combination of high cycle and low cycle loading with overloading cycles and a very large number of affecting factors as regards corrosion environments like load frequency, waveform, strain rate hold time, environmental parameters - solution composition, corrosion potential, etc. [1,2].
Mechanical properties were: strength 634 MPa, yield stress 507 MPa, ductility 22 %, reduction area 68 %, notch toughness 210 J/cm 2.
The main part of the program concerned FCG in air environment, when effects of overloading in a combination with compressive individual load cycles were investigated [8], besides the measurement of basic FCG data and threshold values at loading with constant load amplitude.
FCG rate reduction in water in comparison with air was in a wide interval of ∆K.

The thermal conductivities of cement paste is thus numerically calculated and the predictions are compared with the existing experimental data.
Furthermore, addition of nanosilica particle sizes of 50 nm decreases the thermal conductivity by down to 15% reduction in thermal conductivity compared to the control cement paste have shown in Fig. 2.
Finally, addition of nanosilica particle sizes of 150 nm is a decreases the thermal conductivity by down to 15% reduction in thermal conductivity compared to the control cement paste have shown in Fig. 3.
In order to validate this analytical model for the case of cement paste reinforced by nanosilica, it has been applied to the commercial three contents of nanosilica particle that the predicted results have shown a good correlation to the experimental data.
In order to validate this analytical model for the case of paste reinforced by nanosilica, it has been applied to the commercial three contents of nanosilica particle: predicted results have shown a good correlation to the experimental data.

By adjusting the gasoline vapor and oxygen, the inlet temperature and flow rate, collecting data of temperature difference between outlet and inlet as well as the change of gas mixture, the study analyzed the various factors in the catalytic combustion process, and optimized the process control parameters.
Meanwhile the hydrocarbon concentration’s reduction in the tank also exists in combustion process, which runs the risk of explosion.
Table 1 The main parameters of catalyst Parameter Numerical data 1 Average particle size mm φ 2.5～3.5 2 Specific surface area m2/g 200.00±30.00 3 Bulk density g/ml 0.62±0.05 4 Particle density N/particle ≥85.00 5 Particle size distribution % ≥96.0 6 Pd content % 0.50±0.02 The gasoline vapor volume fraction of catalytic combustion The outlet temperature is one of the most important parameters of gasoline vapor catalytic combustion process.
Oxygen concentration reduction affects T50 much less than T90.
The reduction of the oxygen concentration has less effect in the initial stage of combustion than the later stage.

It is an important issue to optimize the maintenance system based on field data.
Section 2 presents the failure data from a bus fleet, and Section 3 discusses the model and parameter estimation method.
In Section 4 we fit the data to the model and analyze the effectiveness of the PM.
Failure data of a bus fleet Consider a bus fleet with the size 26.
One is the age-reduction model [2].

Recently, Chen [9] proposed a new approach for expanding incomplete experimental mode shapes which considers the modelling errors in the analytical model and the uncertainties in the vibrational-mode data measurements.
Mode shape expansion based on coordinate decomposition Similar to the work by Liu (2011), we also define a hybrid vector for the th mode, which includes the measured data at master coordinates and constant values at slave coordinates, i.e.,
Guyan, Reduction of Stiffness and Mass Matrices.
Miller, Dynamic Reduction of Structural Models, J.
Ephrahim, Improvement in model reduction schemes using the system equivalent reduction expansion process, AIAA J. 34(1996) 2217-2219

The internal flow fields of liquids in space between casing and rotating disk have been obtained by using CFD.The curves of shear stress on the disk and static pressure on casing wall against radius are also gained in various viscosity and different leakage conditions.The results indicate that the shear stress is influenced significantly by the leakage in the space.The shear stress on the disk decreases with the increase of leakage,especially in small radius.However, the reduction rate of stress gets smaller with the increasing of liquid viscosity.The greater the viscosity is, the higher the shear stress is.The growth of shear stress along the direction of radius is greater than in small viscosity.
The pressure distribution of shell wall compared with the experimental data Using the turbulence model of ,the static pressure coefficient of the shell calculated by Fluent almost coincides with the theoretical calculation results in refrence [4] and is also consistent with the experimental data in the same refrence very well (Figure 5)when the leakage is zero and the liquid viscosity is dynamic viscosity of water 0.001Pa.s.When the viscosity increases to 0.1Pa.s,the calculation is relatively consistent with the experimental results.This indicates that the theoretical value is consistent with the experimental value when the viscosity is not too high, so the flow model used in the calculation is correct,the calculation is indeed convergence,the calculation results by Fluent are credible.When the viscosity is 1.0Pa.s, the Liquid viscosity is relatively great difference with the actual viscosity of water,viscosity has a great effect on the pressure distribution and a large deviation with
From the table we can see that the smaller the radius is,the more the reduction of shear stress is,the higher the viscosity,the less the decreasing of shear stress.
Conclusions (1) The influence of leakage on shear stress of disk wall is significant,especially in small radius,shear stress reduction rate of the rotating disk wall is relatively large with the increasing of leakage ,but the reduction rate of shear stress of the wall decreases with increasing of viscosity

Several adsorption isotherms include Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich(D–R) were used to fit the equilibrium data.
The adsorption kinetic data of Cr(VI) were analyzed and was found fitting well in pseudo-second order equation.
The conformity between experimental data and the model-predicted values was expressed by the correlation coefficients (R2).
Several adsorption isotherms namely Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich(D–R) were used to fit the equilibrium data.
The experimental data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

Some scholars found when area reduction is less than 40%, central hole expanded, and the smaller area reduction, the greater the expansion extend [4].
Table 1 Parameters of rolling conditions Rolling condition Forming angle [°] Spread angle [°] Area reduction =(1-d2/D2)*100[%] 1 15 10 15 2 35 3 55 4 75 Fig.2 Finite element model D- diameter of workpiece，d- rolled diameter， α- Forming angle，β-Spread angle Fig.1 Sketch of tool and workpiece α β d D Development of the minute cavity Area reduction Fig.4 Relationship between area difference ratio of the central cavity and area reduction Area difference ratio Area change ratio Nodes data on the circumference of cavity is collected and organized to get the area change of central cavity with the area reduction.
With the increase of the area reduction, the area change ratio decreases gradually from positive to negative value, recoveres slightly at 65% area reduction, closes to zero at 30% area reduction.
As area reduction increases, the area of cavity is reduced gradually till about 65% area reduction.
Fig.4 shows the curve of results with the area reduction.