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In theory aspect, use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software such as ANSYS, FLUENT to simulate the heat and mass transfer process [6, 7].
(4) Through mathematical simulation, we can obtain the working substance flow and heat transfer situation accurately.
Tso, et al, Numerical simulation of the thermal hydraulic performance of a plate pin fin heat sink, J. 48 (2012) 81-88
Pascal, Two-phase simulations of micro heat pipes, J.
[9] Liu Yibing, Liu Huiying, Xiao Hongzhi, The numerical simulation on heat transfer performance of rectangular micro channel plate heat pipe, J.

Finite Element simulations are performed to obtain a virtual approval of the component geometry, in advance with respect to the component manufacturing.
In this contribution, thermal loading effects are investigated via non-linear Finite Element simulations, on the fatigue strength of a eight cylinder V-type turbocharged engine for automotive applications.
Time histories of the temperature distribution are superposed to the mechanical loads acting on the exhaust manifold in order to evaluate stress and strain distributions via non-linear Finite Element simulations.
Modelling Strategy The simulations consist in decoupled thermal and mechanical quasi-static Finite Element analyses.
In particular, heat transfer coefficients and gas temperatures are applied to the inner surface of the manifold, based on previous CFD simulations.

Simulation and analysis of grinding fluid VOF model Geometric model and simulation parameters.
At the same time, in order to close the follow experiment, the simulation used a rectangular spray nozzle, spray width is 1mm.
Table.1 Simulation parameters Simulation Parameters Value Gringding Wheel Rotate speed vs (m/s) 20,40 Minimum clearance dmin (mm) 0.1 The length of the model l (mm) 130 Grinding fluid density ρ (kg/m3) 1000 Work speed vw(m/s) 0.1 Spray angle θ (°) 0-15 Spray horizontal distance a (mm) 40-65 Spray vertical distance h (mm) 5-20 Spray velocity v (m/s) 0.1-9 Results and analysis of VOF model simulation.
Ultimately the simulation results were acquired with considering the simulation parameters (pressure reference position, pressure difference solution, discrete equation scheme and relaxation factor etc.) and turbulence parameters etc.
In order to connect with the simulation, the experiment has chosen M7130 grinding machine, plane grinding, non-quenched and tempered 45 steel workpiece, and the other conditions such as nozzle shape and the coolant supply is close to the simulation.

What’s more, FDS is not time-consuming with the means of the Smagorinsky form of Large Eddy Simulation (LES).
Simulation Condition A theoretical condition was first simulated to identify the critical ratio of mass flow rate and velocity of flow field.
To further analyze the diffusion behavior of agent gas in zone, inert object was introduced in the next simulation.
Fig. 7, 11 shows the results of simulation.
The simulation shows satisfying results, which indicates the potential possibility of CFD methods to be an assistant way and be used in actual gas fire extinguishing system evaluation.

The simulations were undertaken to inform on how the fluid flowed within the tube passages in different tube bundle diameter that gives different gaps between the tubes, where the fluid must pass.
So, in the simulations, only a symmetrical half of a flow passage between the tubes is used.
The simulation was run until the residual of the pressure and velocities were less than 0.00001.
Less mesh cells reduce CPU time during CFD simulation which permits a significant number of cases to be run.

In the turbulent flow over a backward facing step simulation [2], Menter closure predicted with the closest recirculation length to experimental result [3] among a set of popular turbulence models.
The max percentage of error between results obtained from our simulation to the published standard velocity profiles (for the finest grid) was estimated to be approximately 0.023%.
In Fig. 7, 2D simulation tends to overestimate the leeward velocity profiles, which yield average 6.7% difference in comparison with 3D.
Cheah, Wall y+ approach for dealing with turbulent flows over a surface mounted cube: part 2 - high Reynolds number, in: Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on CFD in the Minerals and Process Industries, Melbourne, Australia, 2009
Nikitin, Direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow around a wall-mounted cube: spatio-temporal evolution of large-scale vortices.

The paper analyzed that the influence of different inlet flow rate, inlet water temperature, and backfill material on the soil temperature field and heat exchange rate, compared the double U-tube and the single U-tube in numerical simulation.
The influence of the backfill material, inlet velocity of U tube, inlet temperature of U tube on the soil temperature field and heat exchange rate is simulated using Fluent 6.3.26.Then, the comparison of the double U-tube and the single U-tube is studied in numerical simulation.
For the simulation, the following assumptions of are made: • It has been assumed that the soil around is saturated porous medium; • The influence of gravity on the flow rate of fluid in U tube is ignored; • The soil thermal properties are constant and the same at every point of domain; • The influence of freeze-thawing to soil temperature transfer and heat exchanger of U tube is ignored.
Fig. 2a Computational grid of syphon parts Fig. 2b Computational grid of borehole plane Fig. 2 Computational grid Result and Discussion This article presents the numerical simulation of the double U tube of different backfill material, inlet temperature, and inlet velocity.
[10] Wang Fujun: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software principle and application, (Tsinghua University Publication, Beijing 2004).

He reported that the increase in blockiness in his simulations has reduced the flow rate by 28 percent.
The simulation experiments were performed using a rotating drum with a diameter of 150 mm and particle diameter of 3 mm.
In the simulation we found that some factors have influence on the particle orientation.
Abbaspour-Fard, Numerical simulations to investigate the role of particle shape on bulk behaviour of particles in silos.
Second International Conference on CFD in the Minerals and Process Industries, CSIRO,Melbourne, Australia 1999

The influence of materials on the thermal behavior of the complete system is investigated by simulation [15].
The simulation results of temperature field distribution with ANSYS are shown in Fig. 2.
Therefore the r ANSYS simulation can be used for the thermal design of MCM, it is especially convenient and visualize.
Zhou, “Finite Element Simulation for 3-D Thermal Analysis of MCM,” Microelectronics, vol. 35, no.4, pp.371-374, Aug. 2005
Lee et al., “Application of CFD technology electronics thermal management,” IEEE Trans.

The technique of the large eddy simulation (LES) is a good approach for turbulence modeling which involves spatial filtering of the Navier-Stokes equations.
The spray simulation used in this work is based on DDM approach using the three dimensional CFD code KIVA3V-LES.
All the simulations without ATKE model show longer liquid penetration length than experimental data.
Using large eddy simulations to study diesel DI-HCCI engine flow structure, mixing and combustion: Madison: University of Wisconsin, 2007
KIVALES:Large-Eddy Simulations of Internal Combustion Engines.