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A quantitative analysis of the residual stress and grain size gradient effects on the energy release rate of a coating-substrate system Ban-Quan Yang1, 2, a and Fa-Xin Li1 1LTCS and College of Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yi-He-Yuan Road, Beijing 100871, P.R. 
China 2Division of Engineering Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Academy of Armored Force Engineering , No. 21, Du Jia Kan, Chang Xin Dian, Beijing 100072, P.R.
Introduction Coating technology in combination with the surface heat treatment is widely used in surface science and engineering [1-5].
(3) Now a thought experiment is performed: first, let the crack in the body advance by an increment Da, while the other parameters in Eq. (3) remain constant during the crack extension.
Forum Vol. 308-311(1999), p. 963

Research of contradiction between energy use and industrial development of underdeveloped regions in northwest --- Yinchuan city in Ningxia autonomous region as an example Qian Dong College of Civil and Water Conservancy Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China dq_nx@126.com Keywords: Ningxia Yinchuan; Energy; Planning advice Abstract: Industrialization brings great pressure to the construction of urban ecological environment.
In recent years, with the constant improvement of the industrial level of Yinchuan, the city scale expands increasingly, the rapid advance of urbanization and huge increase in population; all these bring enormous pressure to the ecological environment construction.
As the capital of Ningxia, it is the military, political, economic, cultural, scientific and educational, transportation, and financial business center, and home to the Arab countries- China Economic Forum venue permanently. 1.1 Natural environment conditions Yinchuan is located in the northwest China region in central Ningxia plain, east of the Yellow River, west of the Helan Mountain.
So, because of distance and price advantage, the conditions of developing the natural gas chemical industry and civil natural gas engineering are extremely advantageous.
References [1] City urban central heating planning of Yinchuan,Yinchuan City Housing Security Bureau (2012) [2] City gas special planning of Yinchuan, China Northwest Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute (2010) [3] Clean energy action planning in Yinchuan, Yinchuan clean energy leading group (2002)

The evaluated results based on a finite element analysis (FEA) were reviewed in relation to the OCIMF (Oil Company in Marine Forum) specifications [3].
The next study should be arranging due to other load conditions such as wind, earthquake, and cyclic loading in accordance to find the advance failure mechanism of this structure [4,5].
Shin, Finite element analysis for structural evaluation of marine loading arm, Contemporary Engineering Sciences, Vol. 8, 2015
Shim, Structural safety evaluation of marine loading arm using finite element analysis, Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology, 2013
Pratap, A Review Study on Uses of Steel in Construction, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2017

Experimental Study of Bond Behavior on Aluminum Alloy Plate-to-Concrete Interface Ji-Hua Zhu1,a Liangliang Wei1 Miaochang Zhu1 Weiwen Li1 and Feng Xing1 1College of Civil Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory on Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China a.
Chen and Teng [5, 6] suggested simplified bilinear bond strength-slip model which is more suitable for engineering applications.
Engineering Structures 24 .385–395. (2002)
Engineering Structures 26. 553–565. (2004)
In: Proceedings of the third international forum on advances in structural engineering.

Mendis4,d, Ling-Yun Jang5,e, Chin-Che Tin4,f, Kung-Yen Lee6,g,#, Chee Wee Liu1,7,h, Zhengyun Wu3,i, and Zhi Ren Qiu2,j,+ 1Institute of Photonics & Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106-17 Taiwan 2State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China 3Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China 4Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA 5National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076 Taiwan 6Department of Engineering Science and Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106-17 Taiwan 7National Nano Device Laboratories, Science-based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 30078 Taiwan afengzc@cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw, bynu2008@163.com, cxuqiang-1322@163.com, dmendisp@auburn.edu, elyjang@nsrrc.org.tw, ftinchin@auburn.edu, gkylee@ntu.edu.tw, hcheeweeliu@gmail.com, izhywu@xmu.edu.cn
Pensl (Eds.), Silicon Carbide: Recent Major Advances, Springer, Berlin, 2004
Forum 645-648 (2010) 443
Feng, Microelectronic Engineering 83 (2006) 165

Background Granular materials are ubiquitous in both nature and engineering as the most dominant form of matter on the surface of the planet.
The mechanics of these materials is complex, having properties that span the range of solids, liquids and gases depending on the situation [1]; they can resist large loads as foundations for civil engineering structures, be poured from a container like a liquid or act like a gas when fluidised (e.g. [2,3]).
Chemical Engineering Science Vol. 45(11) (1990), p. 3233-3245
Kolymbas: Introduction to Hypoplasticity: Advances in Geotechnical Engineering and Tunnelling 1 (Vol. 1).
Kirstein: Stress distribution in iron powder during die compaction, Material Science Forum Vol. 777 (2014), p. 243-248

Extrapolation of Imaginal Minimum Creep Rate in Compression by a Concept of SATO-Index Hiroyuki Sato 1 * 1 Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561 JAPAN g4sato@hirosaki-u.ac.jp Keywords: Creep Curve, Extrapolation, Primary Creep, High Temperature Deformation Abstract.
However, in engineering heat resistant alloys for example, the steady-state creep rate is not always observed, thus the minimum creep rate is treated as a representative value.
Sato.: Materials Science Forum, 794-796 (2014), PP 307-312
[7] Hiroyuki Sato et al., Key Engineering Materials, 592-593(2013), 606-609 [8] R.W.
Evans, et. al., Recent Advances in Creep and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, Ed. by B.

Veinthal2,f 1Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia 2Department of Materials Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia aharri.lille@emu.ee (corresponding author), bjakub.koo@emu.ee, cjaak.valgur@emu.ee, dalexander.ryabchikov@emu.ee, erenno.reitsnik@emu.ee, frenno.veinthal@ttu.ee Keywords: thermo-bimetal, layer removing, curvature method, hole-drilling technique, residual stresses Abstract.
Valgur, Residual Stress Determination in Plates Using Layer Growing/Removing Method, in Experimental Mechanics, Advances in Design, Testing and Analysis, Proc. of the 11th Int.
Valgur, Residual Stress Measurement in Coated Plates Using Layer Growing/ Removing Methods: 100th Anniversary of the Publication of Stoney’s Paper “The Tension of Metallic Films Deposited by Electrolysis”, Materials Science Forum 681 (2011) 165-170
Conf. of DAAAM Baltic Industrial Engineering (Kyttner, R., ed), Estonia, 2008, 485-490
Rasty, Influence of Drilling Parameters on the Accuracy of Hole-drilling Residual Stress Measurements, in Engineering Applications of Residual Stresses, Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series 999 (T.

Although these most pure of clays have very low impurity contents, the carbothermal process tends to generate amorphous phases that eventually limit their application as advanced engineering materials.
Nevertheless, there is considerable scope for less demanding applications such as wear parts or advanced refractories, provided the process engineering and process economics can be managed.
Over a three year period this goal was successfully achieved, leading to the establishment of New Zealand’s first advanced ceramic industry, supplying advanced refractory products to export and domestic markets in the aluminium industry.
This has lead to commercialisation of sialon technologies, initially as advanced refractory ceramics, and more recently for wear parts and engineering applications.
Forum, 34-36 (1988), p.599

Series: Materials Science and Engineering 142 (2016) 012065 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/142/1/012065
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 127 (2016) 1-7
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 127 (2016) 1-7
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 91 (2015) 1-6
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 127 (2016) 1-7.