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It showed that the percentage of make span reduction due to lot streaming in permutation flow shop is 54% when compared to consistent sublots with intermingling case.
They found that, under the same sublot type, although increasing number of sublots will reduce makespan, the marginal reduction in makespan will decrease with the increase of the number of sublots.
Other input data is summarized in Table 2.Two situations were considered: 1) none of machines needs maintenance, and 2) all machines need preventive maintenance.
Input data on different machines Machine 1 Machine 2 Machine 3 Machine 4 Duration of maintenance tasks 20 30 40 40 Early completion time of maintenance tasks 250 410 400 520 Late completion time of maintenance tasks 280 420 420 540 Results of the Problem LINGOsolver defined the model of example as amixed integer linearproblem (MILP) and used the branch and bound (B-and-B) method to solve it.
The percentage of makespan reduction due to lot streaming in permutation flowshop is 54% (compared to the best makespan).

The utilisation of Press Hardened Components (PHC) made of manganese-boron steels enable weight saving through the reduction of the sheet metal thickness with sufficient component reliability.
This process utilizes a two-step procedure that allows better cutting performance and reduction of wear on the tool.
The material data used and the damage criterion correspond to [6] and were verified as part of this work.
Using the large notch (test series No. 3), the reduction of the sheet thickness is 40 %.
The reduction of the force is at 41.8 % compared to the un-notched component.

In order to guide and standardize energy efficiency benchmarking in cigarette enterprises, promote energy-saving emission reduction work, this paper researches on how to structure the energy efficiency index system reasonably and scientifically.
The application practice shows that the energy-saving rate can reach over 18%, and continue to promote energy-saving emission reduction of cigarette enterprises through carrying out the energy-saving reform on the basis of reasonable application of the energy efficiency index system.
The State Council issued the “energy-saving emission reduction 12th five-year plan” in 2012 to clearly demand to carry out of thousands of enterprises energy saving and low carbon action, to conduct energy efficiency benchmarking activities and to improve China’s total energy efficiency.
General principle: determined index should be professional data which is general, common, and easy to obtain.
Those indexes mainly affect material quality, thus affecting indexes of energy consumption and emission reduction.

Specimens in the deformed state (70 and 92% reductions) were cut out parallel to the RD and vacuum-sealed in quartz glass.
The distributions of the misorientations (ψ) found in each grain were determined from EBSD data.
Two neighbor grains display distinct annealing behaviors even after 92% reduction followed by annealing at 1200 o C for 1 h.
The respective pole figures determined from EBSD data are shown in Fig. 2b.
The EBSD data shown in this work confirms the presence of noticeable orientation effects on recrystallization of oligocrystalline tantalum.

The purpose of the present study is to provide the basic microstructure and deformation data for austenitic and ferritic stainless steel under mushy state.
Stress of type 310S steel shows the most reduction as the deformation temperature increasing at the same strain rate condition.
The purpose of the present study is to provide the basic microstructure and deformation data for the austenitic and ferritic stainless steel under mushy state.
And also Type 310S steel exhibits the most reduction of stress as the deformation temperature increasing at the same strain rate condition.
Type 310S exhibits the highest stress and stress reduction as temperature increasing during thixoforming.

Checking grey cloth → Arranging by slack management → Sewing seam side → Initial setting → Sewing bound edge → Dyeing →Reduction cleaning → Dewatering and Drying → Second setting → Reduction cleaning → Dewatering and Drying for finished product→ Testing the finished product → Packaging and storage 2.2.1 Initial setting: German Babu Kirk stereotyping machine was used.
Fig 1: Greece SCLAVOS process data 2.2.3 Dyeing (Include Reduction cleaning): Greece SCLAVOS automatic high temperature-pressure double soft flow dyeing machine was used.
Table1:Dyeing process Table2:Reduction cleaning process WW disperse dyestuff (o.w.f) X% Processing time RAP-CN levelling agent 0.2 g/l 20min/130℃ Ice HAC 0.5 g/l NaAC 0.2 g/l Ciba Refining oil C 2 g/l Sodium hydrosulfite 3 g/l Processing time Liquid Soda 4 g/l 20min/90℃ Sodium carbonate 2 g/l OLS Reduction cleaning agent 2 g/l DAM Disperse agent 2 g/l 20min/80℃ Fig2: Dyeing diagram of curve Fig 3: Reduction cleaning diagram of curve 2.2.4 Second setting: German Babu Kirk stereotyping machine was used in this step.
Recipe and color fastness for final production (result in white dyes combination was shown in the following table3) Table3: Recipe and color fastness for final production Recipe Item Result Bright red (o.w.f) Bright black(o.w.f) Brown (o.w.f) Dark Blue (o.w.f) WW-BFS Bright red 2% WW-DS Ruby 2% W-6GS Yellow 0.06% WW-DS Ruby 0.7% WW-KSN Black 4.5% W-6GS Yellow 1.4% WW-3BS Ruby 1.38% WW-GS Blue 1.3% W-6GS Yellow 0.14% WW-3BS Ruby 0.46% WW-GS Blue 5% washing color fastness acetate fiber 4-5 4-5 4 4-5 cotton 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 nylon 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 polyester 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 acrylic fibers 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 wool 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 white dyes combination fastness Off white 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 fine white 4-5 4-5 4 4-5 floating color fastness colorless；4-5 colorless；4-5 slightest；4 slightest；4-5 rubbing fastness Dry 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 Wet 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 Analyzing the data from the above table, we can see that by using WW disperse dyestuff, process flow B and RC4 Reduction cleaning

We use HDM-4 to collect and analyze Guan-Xi region’s Highway No.3 network data, traffic characteristic and cost related information.
Collecting freeway data base: Through the Guan Si workers Service segment, written information and advanced detection instruments to collect basic pavement information of road network, traffic characteristics, vehicle analysis data and climate zone characteristics, and are according to the needs of the HDM-4database creation. 2.
HDM-4 Module and Framework of Analysis [1] HDM-4 analysis derived from the concept of the pavement life cycle analysis, and mode analysis must be carried out before the road traffic data collection and analysis.
The research data mainly comes from the construction of each section of the design and maintenance records over the years, pavement testing records over the years.
This study focuses on the deterioration mode, with the freeway the actual situation and the detection data of deterioration correction coefficient adjustment.

The simulation result can make us understand the mechanism of the void-growth at the interface framework and provide data base for improving reliability of package and optimum design Introduction Packaging has a dominant effect on electronic system cost, performance, weight, size and long term reliability.
Recent years have therefore seen rapid developments in packaging to meet the challenges of miniaturization and cost reduction while delivering increased electrical performance and reliability.
The vapor pressure and the reduction of the interface strength at high temperature due to the previous moisture intake will cause local interfacial delamination of the package and eventually result the package crack to failure (popcorn failure [1]).
Moisture vapor pressure and the reduction of the interface strength at high temperature cause local interfacial delamination.
FEMB was used as pre-processor to generate the geometrical model and produce the mesh and as the post-processor for results visualization and data acquisition.

Based on the product flow analysis, a current state VSM has been constructed using pertinent data collected from the production floor.
Analysis of recorded videos and time studies were performed in order to figure out the scope of improvements in framing the future state map (FSM) in the context of cycle time reduction and line balancing efficiency.
To get the first-hand knowledge and experience, data and information vis-à-vis product and process flows, sequence of operations and the production environment it was imperative to make several visits to the metal stamping company.
Verbatim interviews were carried out with the concerned manager, supervisor as well as the operators engaged in production line operations to collect the first hand data and information needed to correctly estimate the various measures of performance indicators.
Development of current and future VSM The current state map of the product and process flows is developed to highlight the gaps or bottlenecks that need to be removed to enhance performance indicators such as cycle time reduction and line balancing efficiency.

Samples were highly porous (about 40%) to ensure their efficient reduction with hydrogen.
Therefore, measured data are not absolute and are understated in comparison with that for ideal nonporous samples.
The analysis of TG data shows, that a decomposition of ammonia vanadate at temperature about 180 ºC is the first stage of process (in normal NH4VO3 melts with a decomposition at 200 ºC).
Fitting the data in terms of a Curie–Weiss law yields a Curie constant C= 4.43 emu K mol−1, a Weiss temperature Θ = −81 K and an effective moment μ=5.95 μB.
As an example the data for the case of x=0.1 are plotted in the Fig. 5.