Search results

At the same time, growing concerns regarding global climate change are pushing companies and governments to addressing carbon emissions reductions.
The data is for U.S., however, the data is quite similar to the Western countries.
Underlying these product and process innovations are materials and materials processing developments that enable performance breakthroughs and radical cost reduction.
The Panel identified several areas where MSE breakthroughs could be the key enabler for high impact energy efficiency and carbon reduction solutions.
However, this approach also holds promise to yield significant energy and carbon emissions reductions in many parts of the energy sector.

The stress-strain data for the investigated alloy EN AW-6082 was measured during compression tests in a deformation dilatometer “Bähr DIL805A/D”.
The obtained data without any additional processing has been implemented as tables in the simulation software to predict material flow during hot deformation in accordance with model described in [5].
Independent of their rolling reduction, the hot-rolled samples exhibit significant waviness of the edges.
This effect can be explained by the inhomogeneity of local rolling reductions in different thickness elements: the nominal rolling reduction of 30 % or 50 % takes place only in the area of element 1.
Furthermore, in the case of nominal rolling reduction of 30 %, the reduction of element 2 amounts to 0 % because its initial thickness is less than the rolling gap of «X + 1.2» mm; in the case of a rolling reduction of 50 %, it amounts to approximately 7 %.

The reduction profiles were collected in the 5% H2/N2 gas mixture from room temperature to 800 °C.
In all cases, the data were detected after a 16 h steady process.
TPR measurements Pure Co3O4 generally presented the reduction peaks in the range of 257-362oC and 362-512 oC, respectively, corresponding to the reduction of Co3O4 to CoO and CoO to Co [13, 14].
The reduction peaks at 287 oC and 339 oC corresponded to the two-step reduction of Co3O4, and the wide and diffuse reduction peak at 467oC was attributed to the reduction of cobalt species, which was formed via the strong interaction between active component and support.
Catalytic performance The catalytic activity of Co/ZrO2-Al2O3 catalysts was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor and the data were recorded after a 16 h steady process.

After 3 months implantation period, there was an improvement in CAL and reduction in PD along with bone fill was observed.
Three months post operatively there was marked improvement in PD reduction and CAL gain (Table 1).
The present study showed an average PD reduction of 4 mm and CAL gain of 4mm.
The PD reduction in this study is similar to the one performed by Park et al 22 but that study was of 6 months duration.
Graph - 1 Graph - 2 Figure 4: Graph shows Bone defect area and bone filled data for patient one (A), and patient two (B).

The experimental results indicated that compared with MQL and refrigerated gas cutting, application of CMQL resulted in more drastic reduction in tool wear and surface roughness.
The interface temperature can be obtained according to the calibration data of the Ti-6Al-4V-constantan thermocouple.
There was a reduction of 10℃ in cutting temperature for CMQL (-10℃) as compared with refrigerated air cutting (-10℃).
However, there was a reduction of 30℃ in cutting temperature for CMQL (-20℃) as compared with refrigerated air cutting (-20℃).
However, there was a considerable reduction in flank wear for CMQL (-20℃) as compared with dry milling and refrigerated air cutting (-10℃) conditions.

Excessive or insufficient initial pressure is not conducive for the reduction of wall thickness thinning and guarantee of wall thickness uniformity.
The wall thickness evenness can be intuitively reflected by the σpre due to the standard deviation is a measure that is used to quantify the amount of data values.
Significant reduction in wall thickness standard deviation was observed when there is an increase in the maximum cavity pressure from 7 to 10MPa.
Meanwhile, the radial tensile stress in the workpiece is restrained and the reduction ratio is reduced.
The reduction ratio of the workpiece thickness reduces and the thickness evenness improves by increasing the maximum cavity pressure within a proper range.

When experiment began, the trays were got out respectively every 30 min, and weighing by electronic balance, and record the environment temperature and humidity, and the relevant data displayed in the control box.
The higher the hot air temperature is, the shorter the drying time, and the faster of the reduction of the moisture content.
With the reduction of the moisture content, the drying rate gradually declined, drying process had no apparent constant speed drying stage, the slow down process presents, but with a few small fluctuations.
The higher of wind speed is, the shorter of the drying time, and the faster of the reduction of the moisture content.
The reduction speed of the drying process has been presented.

In this way, geometric riblet data can be evaluated taking into consideration different roll gaps and corresponding rolling forces (see Fig. 2.2). 0 10 20 30 40 4 5 6 Time [s] Force [kN] Rolling set-up concept Parameter variation Process data handling Mill shaft Plain roll ld h0 h1 h2 A1 A0 Structured roll collar Fr2 Fr1 Variation of h0 and h1 Fr2 Fr1 Rolling process forces x y z x y z W Fig. 3.
Preliminary simulation models should allow for estimations of influences on the riblet rolling process and thus deliver reliable initial geometric data for the preparation of basic experiments and roll manufacturing.
For this reason data out of experimental results (process forces, obtained riblet geometries, real roll geometries) were used as a basis for a calibration between the FE-model and rolling process.
For preliminary form filling analyses, material data were adopted from former rolling investigations and simulations with similar material [2].
This means that results of numerical and experimental forming studies - i. e. measured contour data out of simulations and metal sheet cross sections respectively - are used as input data for fluid dynamical calculations (LES).

The sheets were cold-rolled with a laboratory rolling-mill up to a final thickness reduction of 80% (corresponding true strain ε=1.61).
After 80% thickness reduction, the texture of T40 is characterized by a broad peak centered at {ϕ1=0°, Φ=40°, ϕ2=0} in the ODF (Fig. 1.c).
EBSD data obtained on a 30% coldrolled sample have been analyzed to determine which twinning systems took place.
This can be seen on Fig. 2.b where the raw map has been reconstructed, i.e. neighborhood orientations have been affected to not-indexed data points, in order to visualize misorientations between indexed pixels.
Some grains deform very few and can still be recognized after 80% thickness reduction.

Wan et al. [10] reported a reduction in evaporator wall temperature and total thermal resistance of about 12.8% and 21.7% respectively.
It includes the compact loop heat pipe assembly, a dc power source, a data acquisition unit, a watt meter to indicate the load given and computer for recording and monitoring the system parameters.
The temperatures were measured every 3 s.This is set as the time interval in the data logger DARWIN DAQ-100.
The readings are recorded by the data logger and stored in a computer for further data processing.
Fig. 2 Experimental test layout 2.3 Data reduction The evaporator, loop and the total thermal resistances are calculated using the equations (1), (2) and (3)