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Ceramic calcium phosphate materials, especially hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), can both have some of their Ca ² + content partially replaced by Sr 2 +.
By extrusion, the ceramic paste is then dripped into a solution of calcium chloride (CaCl2) 0.15 M, where spheres are formed immediately.
Key Engineering Materials. 361-363 (2008) 1269-1272
Innovations Implant Journal, 5 (2010) 9-14
[26] International Organization for Standardization.

That is why they are continually in focus of designers for generation of energy absorption elements and, in particular, for engineering design of ceramic/metal composites for defense against ballistic impact and blast protection [3,4].
Advanced Engineering Materials, 2 (2000) 175-178
Journal of Materials Processing Technology,141 (2003) 202-206
Metal foam stabilization by oxide network particles, Materials Science and Engineering A. 396 (2005) 28-40
Advanced Engineering Materials. 4 (2002) 735-740

ORTENZI Altibano1,a *, CORVI Andrea2,b and VIRGA Antonio2,c 1University of São Paulo – Materials & Manufacturing Engineering Dept. – Av.
Trabalhador São Carlense 400, São Carlos, Brazil 2University of Florence – Industrial Engineering Dept. – Via S.
ASTM International. 1-7
ASTM International, pp. 1-7
ASTM International, pp. 1-5

New Composite Membranes Containing Bioactive Glass-Ceramic Nanoparticles and Chitosan for Biomedical Applications G.M.
Moreover the use of particles with such sizes may open new possibilities based on the combination of such materials with polymers in the biomedical area including in tissue engineering of bone.
The results suggest that such new systems could be potentially used in a series of orthopaedic applications, including in tissue engineering, membranes for tissue guided regeneration or more conventional orthopaedic applications.
Polak: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering Vol. 14 (2004), p. 467-486
Mano: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules Vol. 43 (2008) p. 401-414

Dawood Department of Mechanical Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ameftah@iium.edu.my Keywords: Finite Element Method, Electro-Mechanical Impedance, Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensor, ANSYS, Abstract.
The PWAS patch was 10mm square and 0.3mm thick (material designation: PI 151), and manufactured by PI Ceramic [34] and was located at different locations.
Zagrai: ASME Journal of Vibration and Acoustics Vol. 124 (2002), p. 116
Sutton: Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Composite Structures, Porto, Portugal (2011)

Ulyanitsky, Gas detonation and its application in engineering and technologies, A review, Physics of combustion and explosion. 39 (2003) 22-59.
Grewal, A Review on Detonation Gun Sprayed Coatings, Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering. 11 (2012) 243-265
American Ceramics Society. 82 (1999) 2849-2854
Smurov, Computer-controlled detonation spraying, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology. 20 (2011) 791-801
Kenesbekov, Structure and Properties of Detonation Coatings Based on Titanium Carbosilicide // Key Engineering Materials, ISSN: 1662-9795, Vol. 821, pp 301-306 [11] Y.

References [1] Faraoun H, Terki R, Esling C: Materials Science and Engineering B-Solid State Materials for Advanced Technology Vol. 110-3 (2004), p. 280
[4] YAN Ming, MEI Bingchu, ZHU Jiaoqun, TIAN Chenguang and WANG Ping: Ceramic International Vol. 34 (2008), p. 1439
Filimonov: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol. 153-7 (2006), p.
Barsoum: Journal of The Electrochemical Society Vol. 148-8 (2001), p.
Ali: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol. 148-8 (2001), p.

Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Nb-Sn-HA Composites Produced by Powder Metallurgy Wan Nurul Syaza Wan Nawai1, a, Norhanida Awang@Kasani1, b, Razif Nordin2, c, Zainal Arifin Ahmad3, d and Saidatulakmar Shamsuddin2 ,e* 1 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia 3 School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Seberang Prai Selatan, Malaysia asyaza_86@hotmail.com, bnorhanidaawang@yahoo.com, crazifmn@perlis.uitm.edu.my, dzainal@eng.usm.my, e*saida@perlis.uitm.edu.my Keywords: HA, titanium composite, sintering effect, powder metallurgy, micro hardness Abstract.
The structure and mechanical properties of as-cast Ti-25Nb-xSn alloys for biomedical applications, Materials Science & Engineering A, 568 (2013) 1-7
Comparative investigation on the adhesion of hydroxyapatite coating on Ti–6Al–4V implant: A review paper, International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 48 (2014) 238–257
Densification of powder compacts: An unfinished story, Journal of European Ceramics Society, 28 (2008) 1509-1516
Effect of porosity on elastic characteristics of TiC/TiNi hard alloys, Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 50 (2009) 658-660

Structure of Patinopecten yessoensis shell is a biomimetic example of composite Aiguang Lin1, a, Xiaofei Ding1, b, Zhongdong Xie1, c, Xianying Ma1, d, Cenxiao Mu1, e 1School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China alinagcn@yahoo.com.cn, bdxf@dlou.edu.cn, cxzd@dlou.edu.cn, dmxy@dlou.edu.cn, emcx@dlou.edu.cn Keywords: shell, Patinopecten yessoensis, composite, biomimetic Abstract.
Wang: Ceramics international, vol. 30 (2004), pp. 2011-2014
Shen: Chinese journal of zoology, vol. 31 (1996), pp. 49-54
Zhan: Journal of chengdu university (natural science), vol. 21 (2002), pp. 1-7
Wu: Journal of inorganic materials, vol. 21 (2006), pp. 257-230

Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society , 2008. 36(8)
Journal of Electronic Materials, 2001,30(10): 1271-1275
Precision Engineering, 2012,36(1): 137-140
International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 2009. 49(5): 407-418
Optics and Precision Engineering,2005,13(1):34-39