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The computer simulation of the casting detects the risering problems and provides remedies without having actually produced the casting.
The method could be used as guidelines/riserng rules in metal casting since the computer simulation does not provide the initial riser design and does not automatically optimize the risering.
It is also useful in developing a reasonable starting point for computer simulation of casting process, which shortens the iteration optimization cycle.
Pellini: Simplified Method for Determining Riser Dimensions, AFS Transactions, Vol.63 (1955) ,p.271-281 [8] Information on http://www:ingentaconnet.com [9] Informationonhttp://www.engineering.uiowa.edu [10] Information on http://www.esigroup.com [11] Information on http:// www.cfd.com [12] Information on http://www.cmis.csiro [13] Informationonhttp://www.springerlink.com [14] Information on http://www.scientific.net Nomenclature f feeder efficiency rf VV , riser(feeder) volume cV volume of casting  volumetric shrinkage of the casting metal SF shape factor L length of casting W width of casting T thickness of casting X freezing ratio fr AA , surface area of riser (feeder) cast fM modulus of feeder hM modulus of casting D diameter of riser 1D internal diameter of casting 2D external diameter of casting h height of riser cast 1h height of unsegmented casting 2h height of

The theoretical approaches to the erosion and wetting/flowing phenomena during the laser brazing process were made by the computer simulation.
The preheating temperature profile measured in the tandem beam brazing was counted in the simulation (Fig.6(b)).
It follows that the wetting/flowing behaviors of the filler metal during the laser brazing process can be predicted by the computer simulation.
(3) The flow of the melted Au-18%Ni filler metal on a butt joint of Inconel 600 during the laser brazing process was analyzed by the computer simulation.
[10] Flow Science, Inc. customized by CFD Lab., (2005)

The numerical simulations showed that the friction, pressure coefficient and total drag coefficient are found to be increased with increase in Richardson number, also, heat transfer rate increases gradually with increase in Reynolds number and/or Richardson number.
The aim of this study is to perform through a numerical simulation the phenomena of suppression of Non- Newtonian power-Law fluid flow separation around a confined square cylinder by superimposed thermal buoyancy in a vertical confined channel, and exploring the effects of thermal buoyancy on the flow.
This present CFD package applies the finite volume method to covert the governing partial differential equations into a system of discrete algebraic equations by discretizing the computational domain into grid mesh.
For a transient simulation, an initial condition is also required to numerically close the equations.
Fig. 2: Typical grids used for simulation.

Integrated experimental-simulation approaches reveal the formation mechanism.
At the same time, the infrared thermometer was used to compare and analyze the prefabricated temperature distribution in the welding process with the simulation results.
The high temperature thermal deformation experiment of preform was carried out by the Gleeble MMs-200 thermal simulation testing machine.
The grid division is carried out in ICEM CFD.
(2) The infrared thermometer was used to compare and analyze the prefabricated temperature distribution in the welding process with the good simulation results.

Numerical Simulation of Impacts of Different Types of Air Duct Outlets on Ventilation Efficiency Chunzi Nana, Jiming Ma b and Zhao Luoc State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China ancz08@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn, bmajiming@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn, cfly-lz@163.com Keywords: tunnel construction; ventilation effect; air duct outlet; numerical study.
Table 2 The amount of time cross sections of different cases need to lower the CO concentration to 0.0024% Time (s) Cross section A-A Cross section B-B Case 1 560.8 660.1 Case 2 627.8 721.2 Case 3 518.1 620.2 Conclusions According to the numerical simulation results including velocity distributions, turbulent intensities, and the exhaust effects of CO, the comprehensive analysis suggests that case 3 is the best for ventilation.
[5] Axel Bring, Tor-Goran Malmstrom, Carl Alex Boman, Simulation and measurement of road tunnel ventilation, Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 12 (1997) 417-424
Inoue, In-situ Measurement and Simulation by CFD of Methane Gas Distribution at a Heading Faces, Shigen-to-Sozai, 114 (1998) 769-775
Liu, Simulation on ventilation airflow and CO diffusion in leading face of excavation in tunnel, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 39 (2008) 121-127

In recent years, solid mechanics, nonlinear finite element analysis method is quite mature, and in fluid mechanics, nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations solving CFD technology progress very rapidly, [19-20]。
Simulation of vibrationst resses in turbine blades [R] .
Simulation of vibrationst resses in turbine blades [R] .
Finite element simulation of turbomachine blade row viscous interactions vane vibratory stress predictions[R] .
Finite element simulation of turbomachine blade row viscous interactions vane vibratory stress predictions [R] .

The simulation results revealed that methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) was an efficient absorbent.
Fig. 3 and 4 illustrates CFD simulation result so that an increase in the solvent concentration results in improving reaction site and CO2 solubility.

Simulation calculation is set to transient iterative calculation.
Fig.3 Effect of airflow ascend-type simulation Fig.4 Average temperature of cross section of airflow ascend-type observation surface Fig.5 Effect of airflow descend-type simulation Fig.6 Average temperature of cross section of airflow descend-type observation surface Fig.7 Effect of positive inversion ventilation mode simulation Fig.8 Average temperature of cross section of positive inversion ventilation mode observation surface Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 are simulation results of the airflow ascend-type and airflow descend-type, and Fig. 7 is a simulation effect diagram of the positive inversion ventilation mode, wherein the mode shown in Fig. 7 is in the airflow ascend-type mode.
[7] ZHAI Zhi-ping, YANG Zhong-yi, GAO Bo, et al.Simulation of solid一gas two-phase flow in an impeller blower based on Mixture model[J].
[8] YU Feng-quan.The summary of CFD simulation methods for architecture wind environment[J].
Numerical Simulation of Whole Flow Field for Centrifugal Pump with Structured Grid[J].

Study on Behavior of Underwater Shock Wave in Enclosed Vessel Yusuke Seki1, a, Hiroshi Fukuoka2, b, Yoshitaka Miyafuji3, c, Hirofumi Iyama4, d, Osamu Higa3, e and Shigeru Itoh5, f 1Mechanical Engineering Regular Course, Nara National College of Technology, Nara 639-1080, Japan 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nara National College of Technology, Nara 639-1080, Japan 3Technical Support Section, Okinawa National College of Technology, Okinawa 905-2192, Japan 4Department of Mechanical and Intelligent Systems Engineering, Kumamoto National College of Technology, Kumamoto 866-8501, Japan 5Okinawa National Colloege of Technology, Okinawa 905-2192, Japan aa0730@stdmail.nara-k.ac.jp, bfukuoka@mech.nara-k.ac.jp, cmiyafuji@okinawa-ct.ac.jp deyama@kumamoto-nct.ac.jp, eosamu@okinawa-ct.ac.jp, fitoh_lab@okinawa-ct.ac.jp Keywords: Underwater, Shock wave, Explosion, CFD, Supersonic Flow Abstract.
The numerical simulations were carried out using LS-DYNA finite element code.

From the simulation, the author found that the highest cell temperature is at 66° with 12.2% efficiency.
Rattanasuda and his team [9] performed an analytical study of the PV/T system’s configuration system by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach.
Conclusion Various design parameters had been proposed and developed by researchers throughout the world, and these design had been demonstrated by using both simulations as well as experiments.
A., Conventional Hybrid Photovoltaic/ Thermal (PV/T) Air Heating Collector: Steady State Simulation, Renewable Energy 3 (1997) 363-385 [4] Hegazy, A.