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[3] Ramapriya S and Srivatsa S K: International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security Vol. 8 No 10 (2008), p. 282-288 [4] B.Y.
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Deshpande: International Journal of Tomography and Statistics Vol. 15 (2010), p 58-69
Bhale: Journal of Multimedia, Vol. 2, No. 6 (2007), p. 44-52
[12] Durmus karayel: Journal of Material Processing Technology, Vol. 209 (2009), p. 3125-3137.

Researches on lightweight materials of ladle lining are limited, R.
Al2O3 micro-powder, nano-Al2O3 powder (D50=30nm) and carbohydrate polymers were chosen as the main raw materials.
Raw materials were mixed according to the ratio in Table.1, and a certain amount of water was added.
Gegusin: Journal of technical physics Vol. 23 (1953), p. 1559-1572 [10] R.
Bowen, et al: Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 60(1983), p. 275-281

Energy efficiency supervision on civil engineering Supervision and random checking on materials, components, and equipment quality .The supervision and random checking on materials, components, equipment quality contains the fit situation with design document requirements about model, and performance of main material[8], components and equipment specification; the certificates of soundness, Chinese explanatory memorandum ,type inspection report; inspection report about approved products and a set of technology application; the record of entering construction site and acceptance checking; the checking situation of sampling inspection retrial report; the sign and approval situation by supervising engineers when materials, components, and equipment entering construction sites.
Beijing: Building Materials Industry Press, 2010,10 [13] Handing Guo.
Probe into achievement evaluation on government supervisory organization of construction quality [J], Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (Social Sciences Edition), 2006,8(1):26-29 [16] Handing Guo.
Probing into comprehensive evaluation mechanism on acceptance for completed construction project [J] Journal of Chongqing University (Social Science Edition),,2006,12(2):48-52 [17] Handing Guo, Kai Wang.
Comprehensive evaluation system for completed construction projects[J], Journal of Chang’an University(Social Science Edition),2006,8(1):19-23 [18] Handing Guo.

It is consisted of contact potential between two different materials, thermal electromotive force in the friction process between two different materials, potential difference created by charge change in the contact and abruption process of friction pair and potential difference created by material transfer in the friction process.
Influence on frictional coefficient and self-generated voltage by metal grain lies on grain property and conglutination property of friction pair materials[1,2].
Potential difference is created after the contact of two different materials.
Thermal electromotive force is created in the process of friction of two materials.
“On-line metallic wear diagnosis of unlubricate by using self-generated voltage,” Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (New Series),Vol.7,pp.32–34 ,2000

The Effects of Sputtering Pressure on the Properties of Carbon Counter Electrodes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Shuhong Liu1,a, Guishan Liu1,b, Xiaoyue Shen1, Zhiqiang Hu1 1Inorganic Non-metallic Materials Research Lab, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of New Materials and Material Modification, Institute of New Energy Materials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian,116034,China alsh05040209@126.com, bgshanliu@dlpu.edu.cn Keywords: dye-sensitized solar cells; carbon counter electrodes; magnetron sputtering; sputtering pressure Abstract.
[2] Andreas Kay, Michael Grätzel: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells Vol. 44(1996), p. 99-117
Jung, et al: Materials Letters Vol. 58(2004), p. 1513-1516
[9] Lei Zhao, Yonghui Fu, Dengyi Liu, et al: Journal of Inorganic Materials Vol. 20(2005), p. 181-186, in Chinese
Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 37(2002), p. 129-281.

Introduction Research and development of materials is oriented to application of new material types.
In Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 167, Issues 2-3, 8/2005, p. 438-446
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International Science Journal 2014; 1(4):15-28
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2009;10(1): 3400-3

After being grouted in grouting pipes, solid concrete material will be filled in internal steel pipes.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (50774090).
Study on Ground Settlement Induced By Shallow Metro Station Constructions, Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2007，26（9），1855-1861 [4] Xuan Han, LI Ning, Jamie R.STANDING, Study on subsurface ground movement caused by urban tunneling, Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2007, 28（3）, 609-613 [5] Wenqing Liu.
Rock Mass Rheological Theory and Numerical Simulation [ M ] .Beijing: Science Press,2008: 174- 181
Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2008，25（9）：107-111

PREFACE Dear Distinguished Delegates and Guests, 2nd International Conference on Green Power, Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Applications (GPMMTA2012) was held in Kunming, China, from July 17-19, 2012, serving as a platform for expertise exchange.
GPMMTA 2012 had drawn the attention of researchers from various disciplines: Sustainable Power, Sustainable Materials, Green Manufacturing Technology and Applications, etc.
From which 181 papers have been accepted for presentation at the conference and will be published by TTP, in Advanced Materials Research (AMR) Journal (ISSN: 1022-6680), which is online available in full text via the platform www.scientific.net.
International Conference on Green Power, Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Applications (GPMMTA2012)is organized by Southwest Forestry University,Electric Power Research Institute of YNPG,Guizhou University,Yunnan normal University,Jinan University,Tsinghua University,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC).
Finally, we would like to thanks all the authors, speakers and participants of this conference for taking part in and contributing to the International Conference on Green Power, Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Applications.

A study of High-pressure Descaling Nozzle Jet Flow characteristics by CFD simulation Qian CHENG1,Yongli CHEN 1,2,a,Jiao HE1,Chong SHEN1, Hui YAN1, Mingquan WU1 and Liqing CHEN2 1School of Metallurgical and Materials,Chongqing University of Science and Technology,Chongqing 401331,China 2State Key Laboratory of Rolling Technology and Automation,Northeastern University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110004,China achenyongli923@qq.com Keywords:High-pressure descaling,CFD numerical simulation,Oxide skin,Defects.
Experimental materials and methods The simulation of high-pressure water jet flow field of nozzle is the study of two-phase distribution of gas-liquid in the standard atmospheric pressure,Therefore, Selected calculation model is pressure-velocity coupling model.Figure 1(a) is Gas-liquid two-dimensional model of external flow.model specific parameters are as follows:Entrance speed:200m/ s;Entrance pressure:20MPa;Exit pressure:0.101 MPa (1atm),the unit of exit pressure: Kg/s;Select the triangle mesh,equidistant division.
Gambit Model is imported to Fluent.the solve solution conditions are set as follows:Select the solver choice Unsteady flow solution;VOF model calculation model selected;Choose iterative equation standard k-ε equation;Define the material phase:the first phase is air, the second phase is water;Turbulent kinetic energy (Kinetic Energy) value is 0.01m2/s2, dissipation rate ise 0.007m2/s3;Without considering the influence of the gravity of the water jet velocity,exit velocity calculated value is 200m/s;PISO control solution is selected In the Pressure-Velocity Coupling mode;Time Step Size is 0.01s; Number of Time Steps is 2000;in each iteration cycle, Max Iterations Per Time Step is 100.Iteration convergence curve is shown in Figure 1(b).The figure shows that the iterations to about 1500, the equation has been convergence.
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