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Numerical modeling, particularly Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), is widely employed to analyze natural convection cooling in compact electronic systems where experimental testing may be limited or costly [14].
Simulations are conducted using ANSYS Fluent 2024 R2, employing the Finite Volume Method (FVM).
Governing Equations The FVM simulation is governed by the steady-state conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy.
Voltage (V) Chip temperature (°C) Casing temperature (°C) Experiment Simulation % Diff.
A validated FVM-based thermal model accurately predicted chip and casing temperatures, with simulation errors consistently below 4%.

In order to make up the shortage of the study on air-hole distributing mode of equidistant air-holes with unequal diameter on the air-cushion belt conveyor, an instance of the air-cushion flow field was numerically simulated based on the CFD software ,Fluent software.
The models used for simulation are divided into 12 groups.
Simulation result analysis.
The simulation results are different from the real air-cushion on air-cushion belt conveyor.
All these factors would influence the consistency between the simulation results and the fact.

The simulation results provided important information about the properties and interaction of non-isometric components under different conditions.
The results of the computer simulation are shown below in Figure 5.
In parallel with the computer simulation, a number of important processes were observed.
Seyyedbagheri, CFD modeling of black powder particles deposition in 3D 90-degree bend of natural gas pipelines, Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 78 (2020) 1-20
Wang, Phase-field model simulations of alloy directional solidificationand seaweed-like microstructure evolution based on adaptive finite element method.

The characteristic parameter of each part of the cooling system is relatively complicated during the one-dimensional simulation and calculation with GC-COOL.
Parameter of engine.We use module “Block” to define the engine.Heat dissipating capacity of the water jacket in a certain work condition and performance of water resistance shoule be input to the module.We can get heat dissipating capacity through the heat balance experiment of the engine at rated power.And when parameters of the engine and the pump have already been definitized,water resistance of the water jacket is only relevant to flow rate,so we can get it by calculation with CFD.
(In Chinese) [4] Yu Haiqun.Matching Design and Simulation of The Dynamic Characteristics of The Engine’s Cooling System[D].Nanjing:School of Energy and Power Engineering,Jiang Su University. 2007.
An 1D-3D integrating numerical simulation for engine cooling problem[C].SAE Paper No. 2006-01-1603.2006
(In Chinese) [7] Mahmoud K G,Loibner E,Wiesler B,eta.Simulation-Based Vehicle Thermal Management System-Concept and Methodology[C].SAE Paper 2003-01-0276.

The corresponding numerical simulation and the experimental investigation are carried out to characterize the mixing performance.
At first, the numerical simulation of the embedded planetary screw extruder is carried out using CFD technology, and then the chaotic mixing effect of the flow field is characterized by the use of flow particle tracking technique.
The numerical simulation of three-dimensional isothermal flow was carried out, the velocity field and pressure field were obtained under the different boundary conditions [7, 8].
LDPE is used for simulation material, its model parameters is respectively: η0=26470Pa·s, λ=2.15s, n=0.38[9].
When the center screw rotated at 60rpm and the pressure gradient was kept as 10MPa, the simulation results of both cases are shown in Fig.4.

Study on Optimization of Control Parameters for the Second Cycle during Forward rotation direct-Start Process at a GDI Engine Wen Xu Sun1, Wei Hong1, Fang Xi Xie1,a, Yan Su1 1 State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China axiefx2011@jlu.edu.cn Keywords: Spark-ignition methanol engine; Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR); Ignition timing; Performance; Emissions.
The Directstart: Investigation of Mixture Formation by Means of Optical Measurements and 3D-CFD-Simulation.

Research background Fluent computational fluid dynamics simulation software is developed by Fluent Inc, its core program is written by C language, therefore it is quite flexible to use and has dynamic memory allocation, efficient data structure and flexible solution control etc.
Conclusion This paper explores MFC integrated way to solve the data interface technology between VC++6.0 and Gambit through the research of Gambit, and develops the radiator core shape parametric modeling software based on Fluent secondary development, which provides a new idea for CFD software more extensive, effective application.
Meanwhile, the research provides an effective theoretical analysis and simulation methods for vehicle radiator core shape and other components parametric design.

Rao et al. [16] performed numerical simulations involving a circumferential finned tube heat exchanger.
Using experimental and numerical simulations, it was discovered that the staggering arrangements and splitter plate led to an increase in the Nusselt number and a corresponding decrease in the pressure.
The simulations results for different mesh refinements are shown in Fig. 3.
The CFD results were compared with the numerical data and literature correlations.
Wankhede, Experimental and CFD prediction of heat transfer and friction factor characteristics in cross flow tube bank with integral splitter plate, Int.

Numerical simulation on catalytic combustion of hydrogen inside micro tube Junjie Chena, Qian Wang, Zhixia He and Jianfeng Pan School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China ajjiechen@sina.com Keywords: catalytic combustion; micro-tube; wall material; combustion characteristics; micro-scale Abstract.
Numerical models and simulation approach Model geometry and mesh.
For the all scenarios analyzed in this study, the same grid size of 5μm is used to mesh the models for the CFD simulations.
The simulations show that the gas phase reaction can not be ignored inside a micro-catalyst reactor for most conditions.

Li, "Wet Compression System Stability Analysis: Part II—Simulations and Bifurcation Analysis," in ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, 2004, pp. 713-721
Bhargava, "Understanding effects of wet compression on separated flow behavior in an axial compressor stage using CFD analysis," Journal of Turbomachinery, vol. 133, p. 031026, 2011
Bhargava, "Numerical Simulation of a Complete Gas Turbine Engine With Wet Compression," Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, vol. 135, p. 012002, 2013
Ahmad, "CFD aerodynamic investigation of air-water trajectories on rotor-stator blade of an axial compressor for online washing," in ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, 2006, pp. 1385-1394
Gosman, "Development of methodology for spray impingement simulation," SAE Technical Paper 0148-7191, 1995